Abstract:

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different irrigation systems -applied with modern and new irrigation technologies (surface/subsurface drip irrigation) to reduce the amount of irrigation water used in rice cultivation of Kırklareli and İzmir (Menemen) provinces- on yield and to specify weed species and their densities that seen in the trials where conventional and modern irrigation methods were compared with the purpose of developing water use efficiency and optimal irrigation program. Main plots were constituted of irrigation methods (surface/subsurface drip, conventional pan irrigation) and subplots were irrigation water levels (I1 Epan:1.00, I2 Epan: 1.25, I3 Epan:1.50) in Kırklareli, whereas conventional pan irrigation and drip irrigation were the main plots with the same 3 subplots in Menemen. In the trial areas where IMI-tolerant Rekor CL rice variety was used weeds were counted on a species basis. Weed density were calculated from the data obtained from the counts. 40 g/l İmazamox and 480 g/l Bentazone were used for the control of weeds. with a fan beam field sprayer at a water norm of 40 lt/da. In the research, it was found that paddy can be grown by using drip irrigation methods, 73% water saving was achieved in Kırklareli and 37% in Menemen as a result of irrigating the paddy plant with drip irrigation method, the same irrigation method caused yield losses of 22% in Kırklareli and 16% in Menemen, and the biggest problem in rice production with drip irrigation was to control weeds. Four weed species were observed in pan irrigation method while 15 different species were encountered in the drip irrigation plots. While Echinochloa crus-galli L.were a problem in the areas with pan irrigation, Portulaca oleracea L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. palmeri and Eclipta prostrata L. species were found to be abundant in drip irrigation plots. Araştırmada; yüzeyüstü ve yüzeyaltı damla sulama yöntemleri kullanılarak çeltik yetiştirilebileceği, çeltik bitkisinin damla sulama yöntemi ile sulanması sonucunda: Kırklareli’nde her iki yöntemde 2019 yılında %22 - %21 verim kaybına karşın %73 su tasarrufu, 2020 yılında %21 - %25’lik verim azalışıyla sudan %73 - %66 tasarruf sağladığı; Menemen’de ise 2019 yılında %15 verim kaybına karşın %35 su tasarrufu, 2020 yılında %15 verim azalışıyla sudan %39 tasarruf edinildiği belirlenmiştir. Damla sulama ile çeltik üretiminde en büyük problemin yabancı otlarla mücadele olduğu, tava usulü sulamada 4 yabancı ot türü görülürken damla sulama yapılan parsellerde 12 farklı tür tespit edilmiştir. Tava usulü sulama yapılan alanlarda Echinochloa spp. sorun iken, damla sulama parsellerinde Portulaca oleracea., Amaranthus spp. ve Eclipta prostrata türlerinin yoğun olduğu saptanmış, mücadelelerinde sıkıntılar yaşanmış ve konu ile ilgili detaylı bir çalışma planlanmıştır.

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