Abstract:

Introduction: Glycemic control in DM is responsive to the condition of patients who have hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of 5-6%. However, most patients find it difficult to achieve the target of glycemic control. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME), which integrates the five pillars of DM management, emphasizes intervention behavior independently. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education intervention with short message service (SMS) or mobile application on glycemic control. Methods: This systematic review was conducted by searching five electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link and ProQuest over five years or more with full text in the English language. The search keywords were adjusted according to the medical subject headings and Boolean operators. This study used the PRISMA flow chart to select articles. Fifteen studies were included if they reported on diabetes self-care management education intervention with short message service or mobile application interventions in patients with diabetes. Reviews and editorials were excluded. Results: DSME interventions with SMS and with mobile application have effectiveness to manage and decrease glycemic control (HbA1c and blood glucose level) by health education, diet monitoring, and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. Conclusion: This systematic review has shown that DSME intervention with SMS and mobile application significantly improves glycemic control despite the heterogeneity across the studies. The recommendation for further research is to analyze the comparison of the effectiveness of online and direct DSME intervention, which can improve glycemic control.

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