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Modern dönemlerde, Avangard anlayışla, yeni ve özgün olanı arayan sanatsal kuram, 19. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar gelen tarihsel süreçte, ideal güzeli savunan estetik anlayıştan, günlük yaşamı eleştiren bir betimleme niteliğine dönüşmüştür. Bu çerçevede, yaşayan sanat geliştirmek amacıyla otoriteyi temsil eden estetik form reddedilmiş, estetik sorunların ötesinde, dönemin karşı-kültürel söylemlerinden beslenen, felsefi, politik, psikolojik ve sosyolojik sorunlarla çok yakından ilgilenen yeni bir sanat anlayışı gelişmiştir. Artık, sanatçı için yapıtın nasıl göründüğünün bir önemi yoktur. Önemli olan, sanatçının düşüncesinin kavranmasıdır. Marcel Duchamp’la başlayan kavramsal sanatın düşünsel temelleri günümüze kadar ulaşmış, postmodern yeni kavramsalcılık adı altında, herhangi bir türe bağlı kalmaksızın resim, heykel, seramik, fotoğraf, performans, enstalasyon, video gibi farklı anlatım biçimleriyle yeni bir kavramsalcı sanat algısı gelişmiştir. Bu çerçevede, belli bir sanat dalının üstünlüğü sona erdirilirken, çoğulcu ve disiplinlerarası bir anlayış gelişmiş, postmodern süreçte görülen sanatsal yaklaşımlar bütünü, sanat nesnesinden daha fazla toplumsala odaklanan, ırk ve cinsiyet ayırımcılığından sanat kurumlarının eleştirisine uzanan, özde otoritenin biçimlendirdiği toplumsal kural ve prensipleri sorgulayan sanatçıların uygulamalarıyla şekillenmiştir. Araştırmanın içeriğini oluşturan; modernizm ve postmodernizm eksenindeki sanata dayalı kavramsalcılık, geçmişten günümüze, sanatın tarihsel süreci içerisinde karşılaştırmalı bir yöntemle irdelenmiş, ortaya çıkan bulgular, kitaplar, metinler ve makaleler gibi geniş bir kaynakça üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, bölümler içinde, örnek resimlerle desteklenmiş, konunun genel bir değerlendirmesi sonuç bölümünde ortaya konmuştur.
In modern times, the artistic theory, which is seeking the new and original with the Avangard understanding, has, in the historical process from the 19th century to the present day, turned from the aesthetic understanding that defends the ideal beauty to a character of illustration that criticizes everyday life. In this framework, an aesthetic form representing authority for the purpose of developing living art has been rejected, beyond the aesthetic problems, a new art concept has developed, feeding from the anti-cultural speeches of the time, which is very closely concerned with the philosophical, political, psychological and sociological problems. It is no longer important for the artist how the work looks. The important thing is to understand the artist’s mind. The conceptual foundations of conceptual art, starting with Marcel Duchamp, have reached to the present day, under the name of postmodern new conceptualism, a new conceptual art perception has developed with different forms of narrative, such as painting, statue, ceramics, photography, performance, installation, video, without any kind of connection. In this context, when the superiority of a particular branch of art is ended, a multi- and interdisciplinary understanding is developed, the whole of the artistic approaches seen in the postmodern process are shaped by the practices of artists who focus more on the society than the art object, ranging from race and gender discrimination to the criticism of the art institutions, questioning the social rules and principles formed by the authentic authority. The contents of the research; the art-based conceptuality in the axis of modernism and postmodernism has been addressed through a wide range of sources, such as findings, books, texts and articles, compared from the past to the present day in the historical process of art. The findings obtained, in sections, supported by sample images, a general assessment of the subject was presented in the result section.
In modern times, artistic theory, which seeks the new and original with the avant-garde understanding, has transformed from an aesthetic understanding that defends the ideal beauty to a description that criticizes daily life in the historical process from the 19th century to the present. In this framework, in order to develop living art, the aesthetic form representing authority was rejected, and a new understanding of art developed beyond aesthetic problems, fed by the counter-cultural discourses of the period, and closely concerned with philosophical, political, psychological and sociological problems. It no longer matters for the artist how the work looks. The important thing is to understand the artist's thinking. The intellectual foundations of conceptual art, which started with Marcel Duchamp, have survived to the present day, and a new conceptualist art perception has developed under the name of postmodern new conceptualism, with different forms of expression such as painting, sculpture, ceramics, photography, performance, installation, video, regardless of any genre. In this framework, while the superiority of a certain branch of art was ended, a pluralist and interdisciplinary understanding developed, the whole of artistic approaches seen in the postmodern process, focused on the social more than the art object, ranging from racial and gender discrimination to the criticism of art institutions, and questioning the social rules and principles shaped by the authority, shaped by its applications. Composing the content of the research; Art-based conceptualism in the axis of modernism and postmodernism, from past to present, has been examined in the historical process of art with a comparative method, and the emerging findings are discussed through a wide bibliography such as books, texts and articles. The findings were supported with sample pictures within the chapters, and a general evaluation of the subject was presented in the conclusion section.
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