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Kültür mantarı üretimi ve tüketimi dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de giderek artış göstermektedir. Kültür mantarı olarak ülkemizde üretimi ve tüketiminde artış görülen türlerden birisi de Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr.) Kum. (istiridye, kayın mantarı) türüdür. 1960 yılında Türkiye’de başlayan ve günümüzde önemli bir endüstri kolu olma yolunda ilerleyen kültür mantarının birçok sorunu bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, P. ostreatus mantarının üretiminde ve pazarlamasında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve bu sorunların çözümüne yönelik önerilerin irdelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye genelini temsil edecek şekilde gayeli olarak belirlenen 21 P. ostreatus üreticisi ile yüz yüze ve telefonda görüşme yoluyla anket yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; P. ostreatus üreticilerinin genel olarak en çok karşılaştıkları sorunlar enerji maliyetlerinin yüksek olması, mantar miselinin (tohumu) çok pahalı olması, sermaye ve eğitim olmaksızın işletme kurulumu, tüketicilerin kültür mantarı yeme alışkanlıklarının az olmasıdır. Bu sorunların çözümüne yönelik; enerji maliyetlerinin azaltılması, sermaye ve eğitim olmaksızın işletme kurulumuna izin verilmemesi, mantar miseli (tohumu) için ucuz ve yerli üretim olması, tüketicilerin kültür mantarı yeme alışkanlıklarını teşvik için tanıtım yapılması, konserve ve kurutma şeklinde satışa sunma uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılması ve mantarın çabuk bozulma riskine karşı soğutucu reyonlar kurulması önerilebilir. Yapılan tüm değerlendirmeler göz önüne alındığında belirtilen birçok soruna karşı yapılması gerek ilk ve en önemli çözüm ise gerekli eğitimi ve sermayesi olmayan müteşebbislerin işletme kurulumuna izin verilmemesidir.
The production and consumption of culture mushrooms is increasing in Turkey as well as in the world. One of the species increased in production and consumption in our country is the Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. The ex. by Fr.) and sand. It is a kind of shrimp. There are many problems with the cultural fungi that began in Turkey in 1960 and is now on the way to become an important industrial arm. The aim of this study is to discuss the problems faced in the production and marketing of P. ostreatus fungi and the recommendations for the solution of these problems. In accordance with this goal, the 21 P. ostreatus producer, which is determined to represent the whole of Turkey, has been surveyed by telephone and face-to-face conversation. According to the results of the study, p. The problems most commonly faced by ostreatus producers in general are that the energy costs are high, the mushrooms are very expensive, the establishment of business without capital and education, the low cost of consumers to eat mushrooms. To solve these problems; to reduce energy costs, not allow business establishment without capital and education, to be cheap and domestic production for fungi, to promote consumers’ eating habits of cultural fungi, to spread the practices of selling in the form of conserve and drying, and to establish cooling zones against the risk of fungi’s rapid disruption. With regard to all the assessments made, the first and most important solution must be done to address many of the mentioned problems, and the necessary training and non-capital entities are not allowed to establish the business.
Cultivated mushrooms production and consumption in Turkey is increasing from past to present as in the world. Pleurotus ostrestus (Jacq. ex. Fr.) Kum. (oyster, beech mushroom) is one of the species that shows an increase in production and consumption in our country as a culture mushroom. Turkey began production of cultivated mushrooms in 1960 and it is now moving towards becoming major industries even though many new problems are emerging day by day. The aim of this study is to investigate the problems encountered in the production and marketing of P. ostreatus mushrooms and to propose solutions to these problems. For this purpose, a survey was conducted face-to-face and telephone interviews with 21 enterprises producing P. ostreatus to represent the Turkey in general. According to the results obtained from the research; In general, the most common problems of P. ostreatus producers are high energy costs, very expensive mushroom mycelium (seed), and establishment of enterprises without capital and education, and low habits of consumers eating mushrooms. Against these problems, manufacturers; reducing energy costs, cheap and domestic production for mushroom mycelium (seed), not allowing establishment of enterprises without capital and education, promotion of this issue due to the consumers' eating habits of culture mushrooms, promotion of this matter, marketing in the form of canning and drying, the establishment of cooling departments against the risk of rapid deterioration of mushrooms as recommendations. When all the evaluations are taken into consideration, the first and the most important solution to the many problems mentioned can be considered as not allowing entrepreneurs who do not have the necessary training and capital.
Alan : Sağlık Bilimleri; Ziraat, Orman ve Su Ürünleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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