Özet:

Abstract: Burana (Balasagun) had been one of the important cities on the Silk Road between the 5th and 11th centuries. The city was rebuilt in the 10th century, after the domination of the Karakhanids, in accordance with the medieval Turkish-Islamic urban fabric. It is understood that the city consisted of an outer castle, fortified with a wall, a Friday Mosque, marketplaces, neighborhoods and mosques, madrasahs, tombs, baths, shops, civil residences, and an inner castle. The city of Burana (Balasagun) is very valuable in terms of being the first example reflecting the medieval Turkish-Islamic urban texture of the Karakhanid era. Drillings were carried out in the 19th and 20th centuries in the Burana Tower, which is the minaret of the Friday Mosque, the Burana Mosque, which is the neighborhood mosque, and the mausoleums I, II, and III. These buildings, which were also partially repaired, are pioneering structures in terms of the plan, decoration, and reflecting the urban texture of the Islamic period. The city of Burana (Balasagun) was put under protection by the Kyrgyz Government as an archaeological site in 1976, and the site gained the feature of an Open-Air Museum. Ancient artifacts in the surrounding area, especially those from the city, are exhibited there. Among the artifacts are the Burana Tower (the minaret of the Friday Mosque), the Burana Mosque (the neighborhood mosque) as well as the mausoleums I, II, and III, petroglyphs, balbals, and Islamic period tombstones. In this article, the city of Burana (Balasagun), the capital of the Karakhanids (the first Turkish-Islamic state), and the artifacts of the city are discussed in the context of the urban texture.