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Selçuklular askerî ve siyasî başarılarının yanı sıra tıp eğitimi ile hastalıkların tedavisine de büyük önem vererek bu alanda da üstünlük sağlamışlardır. Selçuklu sultanları, devletin kuruluşundan itibaren sağlık alanında yatırımlar yapmaya başlamışlardır. Selçuklularda sağlık hizmetleri genellikle bîmâristan, dârü’ş-şifâlar ve kervansaraylar gibi kurumlarda verilmekte idi. Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nde tıp eğitimi ise medreselerden çok bîmâristan ve dârü’ş-şifâ gibi tesislerde yapılmaktaydı. Selçuklular hem sosyal devlet anlayışının prensipleri gereği hem de birçok coğrafyanın kesişim noktasında bulunmanın getirdiği salgın hastalık riskine karşı sağlık konusuna ehemmiyet göstermişlerdir. Cüzzam, çıban, çiçek, felç, veba, verem gibi hastalıklara karşı devrin ötesinde tedavi yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Selçuklu coğrafyasında seyyar hastaneler, kervansaray hastaneleri ve saray dârü’ş-şifâları bulunmaktaydı. Sefere çıkan orduların beraberlerinde de develer üzerinde taşınan seyyar hastaneler bulunurdu. Selçuklu ülkesinde kervansaraylarda yolculara belli bir süre boyunca bedava sağlık hizmeti verilirdi. Ayrıca hükümdarların da şahsi doktorları bulunmaktaydı. Hükümdar ve devlet adamlarının dışında da hayırseverler dârü’ş-şifâlar yaptırırlardı. Nişâbur, Isfahan, Bağdad, Halep, Amasya, Çankırı, Konya, Kayseri, Malatya, Erzurum gibi şehirler aynı zamanda önemli sağlık merkezleri konumundaydılar. Buralarda bulunan bazı sağlık kurumları kitâbeleri ile günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Bu kitâbeler ışığında Selçuklu Devleti’nin sağlık hususunda her türlü tedbiri aldığı ve masraftan kaçınmadığı da görülmektedir. Ayrıca Selçuklular döneminde yetişen birçok ünlü doktor yıllar boyunca hem Osmanlı medeniyetine rehberlik etmiş hem de onların eserleri, Avrupa’da yıllarca ders olarak okutulmuştur. Bu çalışma ile Selçukluların sağlık alanında attığı önemli adımlar, kurdukları tesisler ve döneme damgasını vuran mühim tıpçılar ele alınmıştır.
The Selchucks, in addition to their military and political successes, have given great importance to medical education and the treatment of diseases, and have provided superiority in this field. The Selçuklu sultan has begun to invest in the health sector since the establishment of the state. The health care services were often provided in institutions such as Birmingham, Daru-sh-sh-sh-sh-sh and Kervansaray. In the great state of Selçuklu, the medical education was made in many facilities, such as Bîmâristan and Dârü'ş-ş-şâfa. The Selchucks have demonstrated the health issue against the risk of epidemic disease, which is brought by the principles of social state understanding and by the crossroads of many geographies. Treatment methods have been applied beyond the period against diseases such as scratch, scratch, flower, stroke, veba, verema. In the Selçuklu geography there were traveling hospitals, Kervansaray hospitals and palace dârü'ş-healing. The soldiers who went to the hospital were also brought to the hospital. In the country of Selçuklu, in Kervansaray, passengers were provided free health care for a certain period of time. The rulers also had personal doctors. Except for the ruler and the people of the state, the goodwillers would be healed. Cities such as Nişâbur, Isfahan, Baghdad, Halep, Amasya, Çankırı, Konya, Kayseri, Malatya, Erzurum were also important health centres. Some of the medical facilities here have reached the books until today. In the light of these books it is also seen that the Selçuklu State has taken all kinds of health care care and does not avoid expenses. Moreover, many famous doctors who grew up during the Selchucks have been guiding both the Ottoman civilization over the years and their works have been taught as lessons in Europe for years. With this study, the important steps that the Selçuklians took in the field of health, the facilities they established and the important physicians who shot the mark of the period were addressed.
In addition to their military and political success, the Seljuks also achieved great accomplishments in the medical field by giving great importance to medical education and treatment of diseases. From the very foundation of the Seljuk empire, the Sultans invested heavily in medicine. Medical services in the Seljuk Empire consisted of the following: bîmâristans, dârü’ş-şifâs and caravanserais. In the Great Seljukian state, medical education was carried out in facilities such as bâmâristan and dârü’ş-şifâ rather than in madrasahs. The Seljuks placed great importance on health, both in regard to the principles of social state understanding and the risk of possible epidemics caused by being at the intersection of many geographies. State of art treatment methods were applied against diseases such as leprosy, boils, smallpox, strokes, plague, and tuberculosis. There was an abundance of mobile hospitals, caravanserai hospitals, and palace hospitals in the Seljuk region. Mobile hospitals were carried on camels and accompanied the armies that went on campaigns. Throughout the Seljuk empire, free health services were provided to passengers in caravansaries for a certain period. In addition, the Sultans had highly trained personal doctors. As well as providing health care for monarchs and statesmen, wealthy Seljuks also built dârü’ş-şifâs for the public. Nishapur, Isfahan, Baghdad, Aleppo, Amasya, Çankırı, Konya, Kayseri, Malatya, and Erzurum hosted important health centers in the Seljuk times. Evidence of some of the health institutions in these places has survived until today with their inscriptions. In the light of these inscriptions, it is seen that the Seljuk State took every precaution regarding health and did not avoid the expense. Besides, many famous doctors who were trained in the Seljuk period guided the Ottoman civilization over the years through scientific studies, and their works have been taught in Europe for years. In this paper, the important steps which were taken by the Seljuks in the field of health, the facilities they established, and the important medical professionals who left their mark on the period are discussed.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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