Özet:

Gaziantep has universalized the centuries-old cultural heritage by internalizing cultural diversity constituted with continuous settlement of Turcoman tribes emigrated from Central Asia to Gaziantep. In 1885, Gaziantep had a population of 150.162 comprising 89.769 Turkish, 14.466 Armenian, 860 Jewish and 67 Greek inhabitants. There was no physician graduated from medical school in Gaziantep until 1848. Inhabitants of Gujarat treated diseases with traditional methods. Dr. Azariah Smith, a member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was the diplomatic physician of Gaziantep. Dr. Smith and dozens of his American followers introduced the modern methods for treatment to the people of Gaziantep. In Central Turkey College, established by Americans, hundreds of physicians, pharmacists, dentists, etc. They were educated from 1873 to 1895. The college had restored the health conditions of Gaziantep and the rest of the Southeastern Anatolia Region as well, and served as a model for rising generation of Gaziantep. The medical faculty hospital established in 1879, still serves the people of Gaziantep under the name of "SEV American Hospital". Gaziantep was occupied by the English on the basis of the Armistice of Mundros on 15 January 1919. On 29 October 1919, the occupation forces of England were replaced by the French ones. By this time the battle of Aintab that continued eleven and a half month began. The city was under constant shellfire attacks by aircraft and tanks. Sheikh mosque and adjacent houses were used as a hospital by the Gaziantep inhabitants. Under the chairmanship of Surgeon Dr. Mecid Barlas, Dr. Ibrahim Söylemez, Dr. Shahap and Pharmacist Sherif have worked in this hospital. In the 19th century, all physicians and pharmacists were members of the minority groups in Gaziantep. At the beginning of the 20th century, Turkish physicians began working temporarily in Gaziantep. The first diplomatic Turkish physician working in Gaziantep was Mr. Dr. Abbas who was a municipal physician in 1909. Although midwives working in the city were of the minority groups or of American origin, Mrs. Nefize and Mrs. Nursiye were appointed as the first diplomatic Turkish midwives in 1907. In 1897 Gaziantep Municipality established a 35-bed hospital named as Guraba Hospital, after a while the name was changed as Municipality Hospital. The hospital consisting of two buildings was completely demolished with French shellfire, whereas there was the Red Crescent Flag on it during the Battle of Aintab. The wounded war veterans escaping death were transferred to another hospital where Dr. Mecid Barlas has worked. The municipality reestablished the hospital in the same place after expulsion of the enemy. In 1928, the municipality turned over the management of the hospital to Special Provincial Administration of Gaziantep and the hospital was renamed as "Memleket Hospital". Since Gaziantep was on the migration paths, diseases such as plague, cholera, smallpox, typhoid, trachoma, syphilis and leprosy were frequent. During the 1879 smallpox epidemic the municipality made a one-year contract with a surgeon, Dr. Bekir. Although trachoma was an endemic disease in Gaziantep, to fight with the disease began with the proclamation of the Republic. Trachoma hospitals and dispensaries were established in Gaziantep and around. More sexually transmitted diseases especially syphilis were common in Galizia. Therefore the municipality established a 20-bed "Venereal Diseases Hospital" with the Republic. After the proclamation of the Republic, private hospitals were established besides official health organizations. by Dr. Mecid Barlas established a 20-bed hospital which had the only X-ray machine of the whole region, was named as "Mecid Barlas Hospital" and Surgeon Dr. Saip Safi also established a 20-bed hospital named as "Maternity Hospital". In this study, the health organizations of Gaziantep and health providers serving in the organizations will be dwelled on from the 19th century to the first years of the Republic

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