Abstract:

The meaning of dynamic modality provided by the verb u- in Orkhon Turkic (language) has also been expressed with the verbs bol-, bil- and al- in the process that has continued until modern dialects. The use of these verbs has continued in contemporary dialects, but different verbs with the same meaning and function also began to be used in Uzbek, Tatar, Khakas and Chuvash Turkic. In Sakha Turkic, this differentiation has reached its peak. As a result of the analysis carried out in this study, a total of three verbs (sataa-, kıay-, tabılın-) and two adjectives (söp and kıaxtaax) were identified. Each of them contains one/several of the meanings of “potency/power, possibility, opportunity/possible and permission/prohibition” expressed by the dynamic modality, and there are differences in the way they are used as a structure. The verbs sataa- and kıay- come before the main verb and take the adverb suffix. This situation draws attention in terms of the fact that it differs from the usual compound verb usage. Another remarkable point is that while verbs are mostly used in negative meanings, adjectives are used to express positive meanings. In addition, the use of adjectives in the formation of dynamic modality structure stands out as a characteristic feature of Sakha Turkic. Since there is no headings under the dynamic modality category in the grammar books of Sakha Turkic, the elements expressing dynamic modality in this study have been determined based on various grammar books, dictionaries, literary works and data from previous studies conducted by us. Identified verbs and adjectives were discussed separately and their meanings in the scanned works were determined, and sample sentences were provided for each of them. These verbs and adjectives have been classified grammatically in accordance with which suffixes they have with the verb before or after them. The findings were evaluated in the conclusion part.

Keywords: