Özet:

This article is about the life of Ahmad ar-Rushdī (d. 1217/1802), one of the renowned qiraah scholars of 18th century nurtured under the Ottoman Empire. Teachings and qiraah of Holy Quran along with its science were the most emerged fields of the realm at that time. Even though the word tarīq means the way and the method followed, states the transmissions after the chronicle in the science of recitation. Furthermore, it can also be used in the sense of the source as well as method followed in education. For example, the teaching of qiraah in which et-Teysīr, written by Abu Amr ed-Dânī (d. 444/1053) on Qiraat-i Seb'a, is followed as a source work is called "Teysīr tarīq" while the teaching of qiraah, in which al-Shâtibiyye, written by Qasim b. Firruh al-Shātibī (d. 590/1194), is followed as a source work, is called " Shâtibiyye tarīq". It has also been named in relation to the areas where the teaching and qiraah science based on the sourced work has become well-known by time. As a matter of fact, the "Taysīr tarīq" from which at-Taysīr was taken as a source was named "Istanbul tarīq" because it became prevalent in Istanbul and the "Shâtibiyye tarīq" from which al-Shâtibiyye was taken as a source was named "Egyptian tarīq" because it became prevalent in Egypt. Teaching and qiraah science in the Ottoman Empire, in which et-Taysîr was used as a source, was mostly "Istanbul tarīq" and the teaching of qiraah, in which al-Shatibiyye was used as a source, became renowned with the name "Egyptian tarīq". Particularly in the account of Istanbul and Egypt, which persist to be in the Ottoman Empire at that time, professions that changed from each other within the context of concerns such as whether confident aspects were taken or not as well as their presentation and postponement emerged. "Union profession" and "Sufi profession" in Istanbul while in Egypt, "Mutkin profession" and "Sheikh Ataullah profession" were formed at the same time. Researchers like Ali al-Mansûrî (d. 1134/1721), Yusuf Efendizâde (d. 1167/1754) and Mustafa al-İzmîrî (d. 1155/1742) who grew up at that time, became a source for these divisions and professions with their works. It also helped the qiraah evolution to reach the next ages. Ahmad ar-Rushdī who wrote Murshid at-Talabah along with his trained students, was among the scholars who was popular at that time while played a vital role in conveying the early practices of Egyptian tarīq in the Ottoman Empire to the later periods even now a day. As a matter of fact, Murshid at-Talabah has attracted great attention since being written and took its place as one of the main sources of qiraah teaching currently ongoing in Turkey. Moreover, has been accepted as a most popular book especially by the members of "Egyptian tarīq" and "Sheikh Ataullah profession". After Ahmad ar-Rushdī's education as a hafiz, he received his qiraah education from Reīsulkurra Hacızâde Muhammed (d. 1214/1799), one of the students of Dulgerzâde Imam Mahmud (d. 1166/1753) while took his poetry education on religious sciences from Beyzâde Mustafa (d. 1200/1785), one of the professors of Fatih Mosque. Ahmad ar-Rushdī formed course circles for many years after his education and most of them consist of qiraah lessons given in Fatih Mosque. Like many Ottoman qiraah scholars. As a matter of fact, he was giving qiraah education as well as lessons in Fatih Mosque and Amcazade Hüseyin Pasha Kulliyah on the one hand fulfilled the duty of serhâfız-ı kutub of the Mahmud Han Library, which was built by Mahmud I (d. 1168/1754) next to the Fatih Mosque. Ahmad ar-Rushdī served as a preacher in Saray-ı Atik-i Mâmure, the first Ottoman palace to be built in Istanbul as well as in Sultan Selim Mosque which was built by Majesty Suleiman (d. 974/1566) as a memorandum to his father, Yavuz Sultan Selim (d. 926/1520). Even though having too much data regarding to his life, no one usually found studies about him. For this reason, in the article, by making use of documents and records, Ahmad ar-Rushdī has been tried to be familiarized to the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler: