Modern koşullar altında biçimlenen toplumsal adalet toplumsal kaynakların dağıtımını, normatif ilkelere dayanan ideal bir kurumsal ve siyasi yapı içinde ele alır. Böyle bir yapıda devletin rolü mevcut eşitsizlikleri, dağıtımcı bir adalet anlayışı çerçevesinde düzenlemektir. John Rawls’un liberal eşitlikçi bir perspektiften ortaya koyduğu kuramı, bu çağdaş adalet anlayışının en olgun ifadesi sayılır. Öte yandan modern toplumsal koşulların sadece kaynakların dağıtımı üzerinde değil, tüm topluma yayılan özneler-arası ilişkiler üzerinde de önemli etkileri vardır. Axel Honneth’in toplumsal patolojiler olarak adlandırdığı bu olumsuz etkiler, toplumsal adaletin sınırlarının dağıtımdan daha öteye, tanınma mücadelelerine doğru genişletilmesi gerektiğini işaret eder. Adaletin kapsamını sorgulamamıza izin veren bu yaklaşım, onu yalnızca kuramsal bir tartışmanın konusu olarak değil, adaletsizlik deneyimlerinden yola çıkarak sürekli yeniden tanımlanan bir kavram olarak ele alır. Çağdaş toplumsal hareketler nezdinde tanınma mücadeleleri olarak karşımıza çıkan ahlaki taleplerin toplumsal adaletin geleneksel çerçevesini zorlaması, adil bir toplum fikrinin, sınırlı dağıtımcı perspektifin ötesinde aranması gerektiğini gösterir. Tanınma taleplerinin ötesinde ortak bir “toplumsal adalet mücadelesi” oluşturmak ise ancak tekil adaletsizlik deneyimleri arasında pratikte olduğu gibi kuramsal düzlemde de bağ kurabilmekle mümkündür
Social justice, shaped under modern conditions, treats the redistribution of social resources in an ideal institutional and political structure based on normative principles. The role of the state in such a structure is to organize the existing inequalities within the framework of a distributive conception of justice. John Rawls' theory, based on a liberal egalitarian perspective, is considered to be the most mature statement of this contemporary conception of justice. Modern social conditions, on the other hand, have important implications not only on the redistribution of resources but also on the intersubjective relations that are spread throughout the society. These adverse effects, which Axel Honneth calls social pathologies, indicate that the boundaries of social justice must be extended beyond the redistribution to the recognition struggles. This approach, which allows us to question the extent of justice, treats it as a concept that is constantly redefined, not only as a matter of a theoretical debate, but also as a result of the experiences of injustice. The fact that the ethical demands arising as recognition struggles in contemporary social movements are pushing the traditional framework of social justice shows that the idea of a fair society must be sought beyond the limited distributive perspective. It is possible to constitute a common "social justice struggle" beyond the struggles for recognition, only through the connection between singular experiences of injustice in practice as well as in theory.
Social justice, shaped under modern conditions, treats the redistribution of social resources in an ideal institutional and political structure based on normative principles. The role of the state in such a structure is to organize the existing inequalities within the framework of a distributive conception of justice. John Rawls’ theory, based on a liberal egalitarian perspective, is considered to be the most mature statement of this contemporary conception of justice. Modern social conditions, on the other hand, have important implications not only on the redistribution of resources but also on the intersubjective relations that are spread throughout the society. These adverse effects, which Axel Honneth calls social pathologies, indicate that the boundaries of social justice must be extended beyond the redistribution to the recognition struggles. This approach, which allows us to question the extent of justice, treats it as a concept that is constantly redefined, not only as a matter of a theoretical debate, but also as a result of the experiences of injustice. The fact that the ethical demands arising as recognition struggles in contemporary social movements are pushing the traditional framework of social justice shows that the idea of a fair society must be sought beyond the limited distributive perspective. It is possible to constitute a common “social justice struggle” beyond the struggles for recognition, only through the connection between singular experiences of injustice in practice as well as in theory.
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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