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Nâzım Hikmet Ran (1902-1963), yeni Türk şiirinin isminden çok söz ettiren şairlerindendir. Onun şair kimliğini, İstanbul’da yetişmesine rağmen Anadolu gerçeklerine duyarlı olması belirler. Türk edebiyatında memleket gerçeklerini, ondan önce Tevfik Fikret, Ziya Gökalp, Mehmet Âkif Ersoy gibi şairler, farklı perspektiften ele almıştır. Onu diğer sanatçılardan farklı kılan, toplum sorunlarına Marksist ideoloji ile yaklaşmış olmasıdır. Şair, eserlerinde bu ideolojinin de kurulu dünya düzeninde birer sorun olarak gördüğü “yoksulluk, baskı, esaret, emperyalizm, sömürü, faşizm ve adaletsizlik” gibi konularını dile getirmiştir. Sosyal ve siyasî sorunların edebî eserlerde ele alınması, özellikle Marksist sanat kuramı ile bağdaştırılır. Sanatını bu ideoloji üzerine kuran Nâzım Hikmet, Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları başlıklı eserinde, toplumsal şartları “alt ve üst yapı karşıtlığı veya sınıf çatışması” olarak öne çıkarmıştır. Eserin içeriğinin yanı sıra biçimsel yapısına da ciddî bir emek harcamıştır. İçerikle biçimin kaynaşmış olması, bu çalışmada her iki unsurdan da söz etmeyi gerekli kılmıştır. Burada söz konusu eser, Marksist eleştiri kuramının tespit edilen kategorileriyle alt başlıklar altında değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır
Nâzım Hikmet Ran (1902-1963) is one of the poets who mentioned the name of the new Turkish poem. His poet’s identity is determined to be sensitive to the facts of Anadolu, despite growing up in Istanbul. In Turkish literature, the homeland facts, before them, have been addressed by poets such as Tevfik Fikret, Ziya Gökalp, Mehmet Âkif Ersoy, from different perspectives. What makes him different from other artists is that he approached the social problems with Marxist ideology. In his works, the poet expressed the subjects that this ideology also sees as a problem in the established world order, such as “ poverty, pressure, prison, imperialism, exploitation, fascism and injustice.” The dealing with social and political problems in literary works, in particular, is in line with the Marxist art theory. Nâzım Hikmet, who founded his art on this ideology, in his work entitled “Human Landscape from My Country”, highlighted the social conditions as “sub and up construction contradiction or class conflict”. In addition to his work, he also spent a serious work on his formal structure. It is a matter of fact that it is necessary to speak of the two elements in this study. This work was tried to be assessed under subtitles with the defined categories of the Marxist criticism theory.
Nazım Hikmet Ran is one of the poets, who is mentioned most often, of the new Turkish poetry. Although he grew up in İstanbul, his sensitivity to the realities of Anatolia determines his identity as a poet. Before him, poets like Tevfik Fikret, Ziya Gökalp, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, handled country realities in Turkish literature from different perspectives. What makes him different from other artists is, his approach to social problems with Marxist ideology. The poet, mentioned issues, which also this ideology saw as a problem in established world system, such as “poverty, pressure, captivity, imperialism, exploitation, fascism and injustice” in his works. Handling of social and political problems in literary works, is associated with especially the “socialist realism” approach known as the art theory of Marxism. Nazım Hikmet, who established his art on this ideology, in his work of art titled Human Landscapes from My Country, put forward social conditions as “lower and upper construction opposition and class conflict”. As well as content of the work, he also endeavored to its formal structure. Being coherent of content and form made it essential to be mentioned both factors. Here, the work in question is tried to evaluated under the title of the identified categories of Marxist critical theory
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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