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Mesos (orta) ve potamos (ırmak) kelimelerinin birleşiminden oluşan Mezopotamya, Fırat ve Dicle nehirlerinin arasındaki, günümüz Irak topraklarının bir bölümünü tanımlayan bir bölgenin adıdır. Mezopotamya adı, her ne kadar coğrafi bir terim olsa da aynı zamanda Sümer, Akad, Babil, Asur gibi kadim uygarlıklardan günümüze kadar gelen bileşik kültürel bir kimliği de simgelemektedir. Kentlerin ortaya çıkışında tarihsel açıdan ilk başlarda küçük topluluklar halinde yaşayan insanlığın, sonraki süreçte büyük topluluklara dönüşmesi belirleyici olmuştur. Modern anlamdaki ilk kentler MÖ 3500–4000 yıllarında Mezopotamya’da kurulmuş, karmaşık sosyal organizasyonların da yine ilk defa bu bölgede gerçekleştirildiği görülmüştür. Fırat ve Dicle nehirlerinin cansuyu olduğu Mezopotamya’da teşekkül eden gelişmeler, Önasya'daki bütün eski medeniyetlerin gelişme sürecine etki etmiş, zaman zaman da doğrudan belirlemiştir. Kentleşmeden mimariye, sanat anlayışından din ve yazı sistemlerine değin ortaya çıkan öncü fikir ve pratikler, ticaret ya da siyasal ilişkiler neticesinde Anadolu, İran ve Suriye gibi bölgelere yayılarak buradaki medeniyetlerin biçimlenişine katkı sunmuştur. Güney Mezopotamya’da MÖ 4. bin yılın sonlarında kurulan kent düzeni ve medeniyet algısının yüksek düzeydeki başarısı, sadece birkaç yüzyıl içinde çevre bölgelere ulaşarak Anadolu’dan Hindistan’a değin geniş coğrafyalarda karşılık görmüş, Mezopotamya’yla herhangi bir iletişimin var olduğu bütün yerlerde ise radikal değişimlerin yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Kentlerin ekonomisini din örgütünün başında bulunan kral yönetmektedir, siyasal düzen ise sosyo-ekonomik yapıyla iç içe geçmiştir. Oluşma sürecindeki kentleşme modelinin en belirgin unsurları; çok katmanlı sosyal yapısıyla geniş nüfusunun yanı sıra, yazı ve denetim yöntemleri, anıtsal yapıları ve uzak bölgelerden ithal edilen egzotik mallardır.
The Mesos The middle and The Potato The name of the region between the rivers Ephrat and Dicle, which is a combination of the words (the river) is the name of a region that defines a part of the current territory of Iraq. The name Mezopotamia, though a geographical term, also symbolizes a composite cultural identity from ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Akad, Babylon, Asur to the present day. When cities emerged, it was historically decisive that mankind, who lived in small communities in the beginning, became big communities in the subsequent process. The first cities in the modern sense were founded in Mesopotamia in the years 3500-4000 BC, and complex social organizations were also seen to be held in this region for the first time. The developments that occurred in Mesopotamia, where the Ephraat and the Dicle rivers are living, have influenced the process of development of all ancient civilizations in Önasya, and have been directly determined from time to time. The advanced ideas and practices that arise from urbanization to architecture, from art to religious and written systems, as a result of trade or political relations, have contributed to the formation of civilizations here, spreading to regions such as Anadolu, Iran and Syria. 4 in Southern Mesopotamia. The high-level success of urban order and civilization perception founded in the late thousand years, only in a few centuries reached the surrounding areas and responded in broad geographics from Anatolia to India, and in all places where any communication with Mesopotamia existed has led to radical changes. The economy of the cities is governed by the king, who is the head of the religious organization, and the political order has entered into the socio-economic structure. The most distinctive elements of the urbanization model in the process of creation are exotic goods imported from remote areas, along with its large population with a multi-layer social structure, as well as the methods of writing and control.
Mesopotamia, which is derived from the words “mesos” (middle) and “potamos” (river), is the name of the region between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, including part of the territory of present-day Iraq. Although the name Mesopotamia is a geographical term, it also symbolizes the combined cultural identity that has survived from ancient civilizations such as Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. The transformation of humans who lived in small communities at first into large communities in the later process was decisive in the emergence of cities. In the modern sense, the first cities were established in Mesopotamia between 3500-4000 BC, and it was seen that complex social organizations were realized in this region for the first time. The developments in Mesopotamia, where the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers were the lifeline support, affected the development process of all ancient civilizations in Asia Minor and determined it directly from time to time. The pioneering ideas and practices emerging from urbanization to architecture, from the understanding of art to religion and writing systems, spread to regions such as Anatolia, Iran, and Syria as a result of trade or political relations, contributing to the formation of civilizations. The high success level of the perception of urban order and civilization established in Southern Mesopotamia at the end of the 4th millennium BC reached the surrounding regions in just a few centuries and was responded to in large geographical areas from Anatolia to India and led to radical changes in all areas in Mesopotamia where there was any type of communication. The king, who is at the head of the religious organization, managed the economy of cities, and the political order was intertwined with the socio-economic structure. The most significant elements of the urbanization model in the process of formation were the large population with its multi-layered social structure, writing and control methods, monumental structures as well as exotic goods imported from distant regions.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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