Özet:

In this study, our aim is to explore the evolution of the concept of the superhuman from humanism to transhumanism and from transhumanism to posthumanism. We will conduct a comparative analysis of F. Nietzsche’s übermensch, and contemporary interpretations of posthumanism to establish connections between these ideas. First, we will identify the übermensch as presented in Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra, and subsequently, we will delve into other post-human concepts that emerged in the twentieth century. The concept of posthumanism has served as the nexus for philosophical discourse, bridging Nietzsche's “will to power” concept of the past with the 21st century’s evolving understanding of posthumanism. Originating in humanism and maturing in posthumanism, the realization of the post-human concept has finally found a solid foundation. Transhumanism, which advocates the integration of technology into the human body, has significantly expanded the relationship between humans and technology, particularly through biotechnology and nanotechnology. This evolution has contributed to the pursuit of human perfection and the emergence of the superhuman. Efforts to extend human life spans and enhance the quality of life through advanced technology exemplify the path towards achieving the superhuman. While Nietzsche’s übermensch pursued a more spiritual context for the post-human, today’s posthumanism encompasses both spiritual and physical enhancements. This article critically evaluates whether Nietzsche’s übermensch or the 21st century post-human is to be preferred, ultimately concluding that today’s superhuman, encompassing Nietzsche’s übermensch, may be the preferred choice.

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