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Türk tarihinde halk eğitimi farklı şekillerde hep var olmuştur. Ancak halka okuma yazma ve hesap işlerini öğretme konusunda ilk adım Tanzimat döneminde atılmıştır. Bununla birlikte Osmanlı Devleti’nde halk eğitimi çalışmaları İstanbul ile sınırılı kalmıştır. Sadece 1911 yılında kurulan Türk Ocakları İstanbul dışında da bu çalışmaları başlatmıştır. Bu gelişmeler halk eğitimi konusunda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne alt yapı oluşturduğu için önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Atatürk döneminde halk eğitimi konusunda yapılan çalışmaları araştırıp belirlemektir. Araştırmanın konusunu Atatürk döneminde yapılan halk eğitimi çalışmaları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, halk eğitimi konusundaki çalışmalara Milli Mücadele yıllarında başlandığı görüşmüştür. Bu dönem Serbest Âli Dersler Müessese-i İlmiye kurularak halk eğitimi yönünde ilk çalışmanın başlatıldığı, 1923 yılında bir Halk Terbiyesi Şubesi’nin kurulduğu ve bu şubenin halk eğitimi çalışmalarını yürütmekle görevlendirildiği, aynı yıl kurulan Fethi Bey Hükümeti’nin halk eğitimi konusuna Hükümet programında yer verdiği tespit edilmiştir. 1927 yılında Halk Dershaneleri açılarak halka okuma-yazmayı öğretmenin yanı sıra halkı çeşitli konularda bilgi sahibi yapma yoluna gidildiği, ancak bu çalışmalarla halk eğitimi konusunda istenilen hedeflere ulaşılamadığı görülmüştür. Harf İnkılabı sonrası ise topluma yeni harflerle okuma-yazmayı öğretmenin yanı sıra halka hayatını ve geçimini sürdürmesi, cumhuriyet felsefesini benimsemesi amacıyla eğitim verilmek üzere Millet Mektepleri açıldığı, Millet Mekteplerinde yürütülen halk eğitimi çalışmalarıyla 7 yıllık bir sürede okur-yazar oranının Harf İnkılabı öncesinin iki katına çıkarıldığı görülmektedir. Çalışmada, başta Türk Ocakları ve ordu olmak üzere Himaye-i Etfal Cemiyeti, Muallimler Birliği, Halkevlerinin açtığı Okuma Yazma Kurslarının yaptıkları çalışmalarla halk eğitimi konusunda Millet Mekteplerine katkı sağladıkları sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, hem ulusal gazeteler hem de yerel gazeteler tarafından halkın okuma yazma öğrenmesine ve Millet Mekteplerine katılımın artmasına yönelik yayınlar yapıldığı görülmüştür.
In Turkish history, people’s education has always existed in different ways. But the first step towards public reading and writing and teaching accounting works was taken in the Tanzimat period. However, the work of public education in the Ottoman State is limited to Istanbul. Only in 1911 the Turkish Yankees founded outside of Istanbul began these works. These developments are important because they form a sub-structure to the Republic of Turkey in terms of public education. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the work done on public education during the Atatürk period. The subject of the research is the public education work conducted during the Atatürk period. The study found that the work on public education began in the years of national struggle. This period was established by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania and the first work on public education was initiated, in 1923 a public education branch was established and this branch was commissioned to carry out public education work, in the same year the Fethi Mr. Government was established and included in the Government program on public education. In 1927 the Opening of the People's Workshops showed that teaching public reading and writing, as well as the way to make the people aware of various subjects, did not be achieved with these studies to the desired goals in public education. In addition to teaching the society to read and write with new letters, the public life and lifetime are continued, the National Documents are opened to be taught in order to adopt the Republican philosophy, the public education work in the National Documents is carried out in a period of 7 years, the number of readers and writers has been doubled by the number of readers and writers before the National Documents. In the study, mainly Turkish Yankees and the army have concluded that the Himaye-i Etfal Society, the Muallim Union, the People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People's People. In addition, it has been seen that both national and local newspapers are publishing publications aimed at learning to read and write and increasing participation in the National Messages.
Public education has always been in different forms in Turkish history. First attempt was done in Tanzimat era for teaching public writing, reading end accounting. Nevertheless, public education studies weren’t limited with İstanbul İn Ottoman era. Türk Ocakları have given a start to education studies outside İstanbul. These attempts for being done about education is important as it occurred a public education basement for Turkish Republic. The aim of this study is to investigate and determine the studies on public education in Turkey, in Atatürk’s Era. The subject of the research is the public education studies carried out during the Atatürk period. In the study, it was argued that studies on public education started during the years of the War of Independence. During this period, the first work on public education was initiated by the establishment of the "Serbest Âli Dersler Müessese-i İlmiye", a Public Education Branch was established in 1923 and this branch was assigned to carry out public education activities, and the subject of public education of the Fethi Bey Government, which was established in the same year, was included in the Government program. It has been determined that in 1927, it is seen that the Public Education Centers were opened to teach people how to read and write, as well as to make the public knowledgeable about various issues, but these studies did not achieve the desired goals in public education. After the Letter Revolution, it was determined that Nation Schools were opened to teach the society to read and write with new letters, as well as to provide education for the people to continue their life and livelihood and to adopt the republican philosophy, and with the public education carried out in the Nation schools, the rate of literacy was doubled in a period of 7 years. It is seen that Literacy Courses opened by the Turkish Hearths and the Army, Himaye-i Etfal Cemiyeti, Teachers' Union and Community Centers have contributed to the Nation Schools in public education. Either national newspaper and local newspapers make nation learned, readin and writing and olso increase attending public schools, which was occurred by their publishments.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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