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Neoklasik iktisat teorisine göre, ekonomide insan davranışlarına ilişkin kararların rakamlar, istatistikler ve varsayımlar temelinde gerçekleştiği ki, bu varsayımlara dayanılarak alınan rasyonel kararların farklı duygusal koşullar altında da bir değişime uğramadığı ifade edilmektedir. Fakat Amos Tversky ve Daniel Kahneman 2 tarafından 1974 yılında kısa yollar ve yanlılıklar ile 1979 yılında Beklenti Teorisi’nin ortaya koyulduğu çalışmalarla insanların ancak sınırlı bir rasyonaliteye sahip oldukları ifade edilmiştir. Neoklasik iktisadi varsayımlar ekonomiyi sosyal bir bilim dalı olmaktan uzaklaştırırken davranışsal iktisat ise insanı ekonomiden soyutlamadan ve anlayarak ekonomik olayları açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada incelenen, George A. Akerlof ve Robert J. Shiller tarafından yazılan ve 2009 yılında yayımlanan “Hayvansal Güdüler: İnsan Psikolojisi Ekonomiyi Nasıl Yönlendirir ve Küresel Kapitalizm İçin Niçin Önemlidir?” adlı kitap, neoklasik iktisat teorisi dışında bir perspektif ile karar verme sürecinde bireyler üzerinde etkili olan faktörleri ele almaktadır. İki kısımdan oluşan kitabın, ilk kısmında beş temel güdü (güven, adalet, yolsuzluk, para illüzyonu/yanılsaması ve hikâyeler) açıklanmakta; ikinci kısımda ise, ekonomiyle ilgili sorulan sekiz soruya bu hayvansal güdüler çerçevesinde cevap verilmektedir. Mevcut iktisat teorisinin yapamadığını yaparak ekonomiye hayvansal güdülerin de dahil edilmesi kitabın önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Kitapta, neoklasik iktisat teorisinin varsayımları ve iktisadi olayları açıklamada kullandığı ekonometri ve istatistik temelli modeller eleştirilirken, yerine davranışsal iktisat teorisi koyulmaktadır.
According to the Neoclassical Theory of Economics, decisions on human behavior in the economy are made on the basis of figures, statistics and assumptions, and the rational decisions made on the basis of these assumptions are not changed under different emotional conditions. But by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman 2, short roads and misconceptions in 1974 and the theory of expectation in 1979 revealed that people have only a limited rationality. The neoclassical economic assumptions remove the economy from becoming a branch of social science, while the behavioral economy tries to explain economic events without distracting man from the economy and understanding it. This study was studied by George A. Akerlof and Robert J. Written by Shiller and published in 2009 "Animal Guides: How Human Psychology Guides the Economy and Why Is It Important for Global Capitalism?" The book titles the factors that influence individuals in the decision-making process with a perspective outside the Neoclassical Economy Theory. The first part of the book, which consists of two sections, describes five basic motives (security, justice, corruption, money illusion and stories), and the second part, the eight questions on the economy are answered in the framework of these animal motives. The fact that the current economic theory does not do, the inclusion of animal incentives in the economy shows the importance of the book. The book criticizes the econometrics and statistical-based models that the theory of neoclassical economics uses to describe the assumptions and economic events, while the theory of behavioral economics is replaced.
Neoclassical economics states that economic decisions about human behavior are based on figures, statistics, and assumptions, and that rational decisions made on the basis of these assumptions do not change under different emotional conditions. However, as Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman stated in their studies in 1974 and Prospect Theory in 1979, people have only limited rationality with heuristics and biases. While neoclassical economic assumptions prevents economics from being a true social science, behavioral economics tries to explain economic events by understanding people without isolating them from economics. The book entitled “Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism,” written by George A. Akerlof and Robert J. Shiller and published in 2009, deals with the factors affecting individuals in the decision-making process with a perspective other than neoclassical economic theory. In the first section of the two-part book, five basic motives (trust, justice, corruption, money illusion, and stories) are explained, while in the second section, eight questions about the economy are answered within the framework of these animal motivations. The importance of the book is its inclusion of animal motives in the economy that current theory fails to do so. In the book, while the econometric and statistics- based models used by neoclassical economic theory to explain assumptions and economic phenomena are criticized, behavioral economic theory is put in its place.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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