Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this study, some foreign herbs (cross land (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.It is the determination of the most suitable method of breaking the dormancy in the seeds of the small uren (Urtica urens L.) and black banot (Hyoscyamus niger L.) and the most suitable grinding temperature. Methods and findings: by applying various patch break methods (acid-base (sulfuric acid (1, 2, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes), hydrochloric acid (5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes), sodium hydroxide (%50, 40% and 30% and 20% concentrations in 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) and sodium hypochloride (5,10, 15 and 30 minutes), hormone (giberic acid (250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm), alcohol (etanol (5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) and high-low temperature (microwave (10, 30, 45, 90 and 180 minutes), and cold waiting (0 day control, 1 -86 °C, 2 -86 °C, 4 -86 °C, 7 -86 °C, 7 -86 °C, 7 -86 °C, 7 -86 °C, 7 -86 °C, 7 -86 °C, The most suitable planting properties of rural grass, small grapes and black banots of foreign herbs have been revealed and then the most suitable method of breaking the dormansi and planting temperatures have been determined in the seeds of these foreign herbs.  According to the results obtained, the most suitable method of breaking dormansi is the dosage of 500 to 2000 ppm of giberic acid for rural land, 250 ppm of giberic acid for small cracks, while in black banot seeds 30 % of sodium hydroxide is 20 min of seeds waiting. The best grinding rates of foreign herbs were found at 20°C in rural land and black banot, and at 25°C in small grinding.  The importance and impact of the study: The achieved results are expected to provide a substrate for the work in the fields of agriculture and outside of these foreign herbs.

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Abstract:

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the most appropriate dormancy breaking method and germination temperature in some weed seeds (hoary cress or whitetop (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.), annual nettle (Urtica urens L.) and black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.)). Methods and Results: The most appropriate germination conditions of whitetop, annual nettle and black henbane weeds were determined by applying different dormancy breaking methods (acid-base (sulfuric acid (1, 2, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min), hydrochloric acid (5, 15, 30 and 60 min), sodium hydroxide (50%, 40%, 30% and 20% concentrations 5 , 10, 15 and 20 min) and sodium hypochlorite (5, 10, 15 and 30 min), hormone (gibberellic acid (250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm)), alcohol (ethanol (5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min)) and high-low temperature (microwave (10, 30, 45, 90 and 180 sec), and cold storage (0 day control, 1 day -86°C, 2 days -86°C, 4 days -86°C and 7 days -86°C) and cold soaking + hot water (0 days 90°C, 1 day -86 / 90°C, 2 days -86/90°C, 4 days -86/90°C and 7 days -86/90°C) and then the most suitable dormancy breaking method and germination temperatures were determined in the seeds of these weeds. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, the most effective dormancy breaking treatments in seeds of whitetop, annual nettle and black henbane were determined as gibberellic acid 500 and 2000 ppm, gibberellic acid 250 ppm and 30% sodium hydroxide 20 minutes respectively. The most suitable germination rates of weeds were found to be 20°C in whitetop and black henbane and 25°C in annual nettle. Significance and Impact of the Study: It is expected that the results obtained will provide an infrastructure for the studies of these weeds in agriculture and non-agriculture.