Özet:

Shiitake fungi has been grown and used as food and medicine for thousands of years in the Far East countries. It is the second most consumed species in the world today. It is estimated that more than 100 of 100,000 or more fungi species around the world are toxic. Fungi are a valuable food in many parts of the world, but some species can cause harmful effects on humans, in some cases they can be potentially fatal. In recent years, the scope of clinical syndrome considered to be associated with fungal poisoning has expanded. Very few research has been found on the toxic effects of the Shiitake type of fungi, and scientific research on the subject is needed. This type of fungi can be eaten, but small side effects or allergic reactions may be seen in some people. In literature, toxicodermia and shiitake dermatitis cases related to shiitake have been. Shiitake fungi sports have been found to cause allergic reactions. The aim of our study is to investigate whether the shiitake fungi applied in different doses to rats has a toxic effect on the liver. The effect of Shiitake fungi extract on the liver, applied to rats in different doses (low and high doses), was evaluated by examining the expression changes of TNF-α (inflammatory indicator), Bax, Bcl-2 (apoptotic indicator) and by performing histopathological analyses. When the Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-α expression levels of the groups were studied, a significant decline was observed when compared to the control group with a low dose in the Bax expression level (p <0,05). A significant decline was observed at the Bcl-2 expression level compared to the control group and the high-dose group (p <0,05). A significant decline was observed at the level of TNF-α expression when compared to the high dose and control group (p <0,05). Histopathologically, the parameters of hydropic degeneration and sinusoidal dilatation were assessed in groups. Hydropic degeneration and sinusoidal dilatation were found high in low doses and high doses, compared to the control group. The results were statistically meaningful (p = 0,0 and p = 0,021). After the H&E colour of the groups, a slight increase in structural changes was observed depending on the dose of Shiitake fungi extract. There is no evidence in the literature that Lentinula edodes extract causes mild side effects such as diarrhoea and skin outbreak, even in large doses of 50 mg/day for a week. As a result, in our study, shiitake fungi in the doses applied to the mushrooms' liver tissue has not shown any histopathological harmful effects if necessary in terms of the expression of apoptotic indicators.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Özet:

Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom) have been grown and used as food and medicine in the Far East for thousands of years. Today, shiitake mushroom is the second most consumed mushroom species in the world and is one of the most grown edible mushrooms in the world. It is estimated that more than 100 of 100,000 or more fungal species worldwide are toxic. Mushrooms are a valuable foodstuff in many parts of the world, but some species can cause harmful effects on humans, in some cases potentially fatal. In recent years, the scope of clinical syndromes considered to be associated with fungal poisoning has expanded. Few studies have been found on the toxic effects of Shiitake mushroom species and scientific research is needed. This type of fungus is edible, but some people may experience minor side effects or allergic reactions. Toxicodermia and shiitake dermatitis cases have been reported in the literature. Shiitake mushroom spores have been found to cause allergic reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of shiitake fungus administered to rats on liver. In this study, the effect of Shiitake mushroom extract applied to rats at different doses (low and high doses) on liver was evaluated by examining expression changes of TNF-α (inflammatory marker), Bax, Bcl-2 (apoptotic marker) and histopathological analysis. When the Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-α expression levels of the groups were examined, a significant decrease was observed in the Bax expression level when the low dose was compared with the control group (p <0.05). There was a significant decrease in Bcl-2 expression level compared to the control group and the high dose group (p <0.05). When the high dose and control group were compared in TNF-α expression level, a significant decrease was observed again (p <0.05). Histopathologically, hydropic degeneration and sinusoidal dilation parameters were evaluated in the groups. Hydropic degeneration and sinusoidal dilation were found at low dose and high dose compared to the control group. Results were statistically significant (p = 0.0 and p = 0.021). After the H&E staining of the groups, a slight increase was observed in the structural changes depending on the dose of Shiitake fungus extract. In conclusion, there is no evidence in the literature that L. edodes extract causes mild side effects such as diarrhea and skin rash, and is acute toxic even at large doses of 50 mg / day for 1 week. As a result, in our study, rat liver tissue did not show any harmful effects on the expression of apoptotic markers or histopathologically at doses applied with shiitake mushroom.