Özet:

The aim of this paper is to elaborate a periodization of the historical-spatial transition in South America from the end of the last century to the present day. In methodological terms, this periodization proposal is based on an analysis of critical junctures at the regional level during which there is a measurement of forces among strategic political projects. The identification of these conjunctures allows us to define five significant moments: 1) the collapse of the neoliberal and unipolar financial project between October 1998 and April 2002; 2) the construction of alternatives: the development of the Atlantic Axis and the "No al ALCA” [No to ALCA] between April 2002 and November 2005; 3) the strategic advance of Latin American popular nationalism in a post-neoliberal and South American continental key between November 2005 and 2011; 4) the emergence of the Pacific Alliance, the resumption of the unipolar offensive, the stagnation of autonomous regionalism and the weakening of popular nationalism between April 2011 and October 2015; 5) the onslaught of the financial, neoliberal and unipolar project and the reflux of national-popular forces in Latin America between October 2015 and June 2018.

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