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Fâtımîler 909 yılında Mağrib’de kurulmuş Şi’anın İsmâilîyye fırkasına mensup bir mezhep devletidir. Başlangıçta askerî ihtiyaçlarını kurulduğu coğrafyanın bir sonucu olarak Berberî kabilelerden sağlamışlardır. 969 yılında Mısır’ın alınmasıyla birlikte orduya Türk, Arap, Sudan ve Ermeni menşeili askerler de eklenmiştir. Türkler, Fâtımî ordusunda ilk olarak Mısır’ın fethini takip eden süreçte Muiz-lidînillâh (953-975) zamanında istihdam edilmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte onların Fâtımî ordusu içindeki yükselişleri bir sonraki halife el-Azîz-billâh (975-996) zamanında olmuştur. Adı geçen halife, Suriye’de meydana gelen savaşlarda Türklerin muharebe becerilerini ve Mağrib’ten gelen askerlerin yetersizliklerini görmüştü. Bunun sonucu olarak da orduda Türklerin nüfuzu artmış ve Türkler önemli mevkilere getirilmişlerdir. Türklerin söz konusu yükselişleri Mısır’da bir Türk-Mağrib çekişmesine yol açmıştır. Halife el-Azîz’in ölümünden sonra üstünlük bir ara Kutâme kabilesi merkezli Mağriblilere geçse de akabinde durum dengelenmiştir. İlerleyen yıllarda ordudaki etnik çekişme siyasî olarak da kullanılmıştır. Halife el-Mustansır (1036-1094) döneminde Mağriblilerin sayısının azalması Türk-Mağrib çatışmasını tamamen ortadan kaldırmıştır. Ancak yine bu dönemde orduda istihdam edilen Zenci kölelerin sayısının artması ve bunların Türklere karşı kullanılması Mısır’da yeni çatışmalara sebep olmuştur. Türklerin kesin galibiyetle çıktığı bu mücadelelerde Mısır’da istikrar kaybolmuş, coğrafya harap olmuş ve etkinlik tamamıyla Türklerin eline geçmiştir. Türklerin Mısır’daki bu üstün durumu Ermeni kökenli Bedr el-Cemâlî’nin (1073-1094) vezir olmasına kadar devam etmiştir. Bu zat göreve gelince Türk komutanları ve askeri birlikleri ortadan kaldırmıştır. Bu tarihten itibaren ise Fâtımî ordusunda Türk etkisi minimize edilmiş ve ordu Ermeni, Arap ve Sudanlı askerlerden oluşturulmuştur.
The Fathimiah is a religious state belonging to the Ismaili frog of the Shi’an founded in Mağrib in 909. In the beginning, they provided the Berber tribes as a result of the geography in which their military needs were established. In 969 the army included Turkish, Arab, Sudan and Armenian soldiers. The Turks were first employed in the Fatima army during the process following the conquest of Egypt (953-975) during the Muiz-Lidînillâh period. But their ascension in the Fatimah army was in the time of the next calife al-Aziz-Bilâh (975-996). The former calife saw the fighting skills of the Turks in the wars that took place in Syria and the insufficiency of the soldiers from the Mağrib. As a result, the population of the Turks in the army increased and the Turks were brought to important positions. The Turkish rise has led to a Turkish-Maghrib conflict in Egypt. After the death of Ali al-Aziz, the superiority of the Covenant was passed to the victims centered on the Covenant, but the situation in the aftermath was balanced. In recent years, ethnic conflict in the army has also been used politically. The decrease in the number of victims during the period of Halife al-Mustansir (1036-1094) completely eliminated the Turkish-Maghrib conflict. But again, the increase in the number of black slaves employed in the army during this period and their use against the Turks has led to new conflicts in Egypt. In these struggles where the Turks came out with a certain victory, stability in Egypt has been lost, geography has been destroyed and the activity has completely passed into the hands of the Turks. This superior state of the Turks in Egypt continued until the Armenian-born Bedr al-Cemali (1073-1094) was the leader. When it came to this task, the Turkish commanders and military troops were eliminated. From this date, the Turkish influence in the Fatima army has been minimized and the army has been formed by Armenian, Arab and Sudanese soldiers.
The Fatimid was an Ismaili Shia Islamic caliphate which emerged Maghrib (Northern Africa) in 909. The army of the Fatimids was composed from Berberian tribes in its beginnings due to its geographical situation. But after the conquest of Egypt in 969, along with Berberians other subjects of Turkish, Arab, Sudanese and Armenian origins began to be incorperated. The Turks were deployed in the Fatimid Army after the conquest of Egypt during the reign of al-Mu’izz li-din Allah (953-975). Despite of their deployment they were not given high ranks. The rise of the Turks among the Fatimids was in the next caliph al-Azîz bi’llah (975-996). The caliph realized the military abilities of Turkish troops and the inadequacy of Berberian troops during the Syrian Campaign. Consequently, the influence of Turkish troops in the Fatimid Army increased thus began to bring higher ranks. This situation brought conflicts between Berberian and Turks. After the death of the Caliph al-Aziz, although the superiority was passed to the Maghrib people based in the Kutama tribe, then the situation was balanced. In the upcoming years the ethnic confrontation in the army was also used as a political too. In the reign of Caliph al-Mustansir, (1036-1094) the Turkish-Berberian conflict came to an end due to decrease member of the Berberians. However, during this period, the increase in the number of Sudanese slaves employed in the army and their use against the Turks caused new conflicts in Egypt. This confrontation led to instability in Egypt and had a great negative impact in the region, but the end the Turks came victorious and put Egypt under their influence. The superiority of the Turkish troops continued till the Vizierate of Badr al-Djamali (1073-1094) who was of Armenian origin. Following this, the Turkish influence in the Fatimid Army was minimized and the army began to be filled with Armenian, Arab and Sudanese soldiers.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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