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Devletin şiddet araçları üstündeki hakimiyetini ifade eden şiddet tekeli, modern devletin en belirleyici özelliği olarak görünmektedir. Tarihsel süreçte onun aldığı biçimler, üretim biçimlerine göre değişmiştir. Ortaçağ öncesi dönemde, farklı devlet biçimlerine göre şiddet araçları üstünde kurulan hakimiyet de değişmiştir. Ancak farklılıklara rağmen, bunun sınırlı bir hakimiyete karşılık geldiği söylenebilir. Feodal üretim ilişkilerinin hakim olduğu ve siyasi iktidarın bölündüğü Ortaçağsa, şiddet tekelinin zayıf olduğu bir dönemi işaret etmektedir. Feodal düzenin çöküşü ve yerini kapitalist üretim biçiminin almasıyla, siyasal yapı da dönüşmüştür. Modern devletin ortaya çıktığı bu yeni dönemde, siyasal iktidar merkezileşmiş ve şiddet araçları üstünde tekel kurulmuştur. Bu, zamana yayılan bir süreçte olmuştur. Çünkü şiddetin özel aktörlerce kullanımı, modern devletin doğuşuyla birlikte de devam etmiştir. Fakat devletin kendi şiddet araçlarını inşa etmesiyle birlikte şiddet tekeli kurulmuştur. Bugünse küreselleşme süreci ve onun etkileri tartışılmaktadır. Küreselleşme olarak isimlendirilen süreç, devletin yapısını ve işlevlerini değiştirmektedir. Bu değişimden, şiddet tekeli de etkilenmektedir. Süreçle birlikte, modern devlet öncesinde olduğu gibi şiddetin özel tedariki yine gündemdedir. Böyle bir değişimin nasıl okunması gerektiği konusuysa tartışmalıdır. Bu, şiddet tekelinde bir aşınma mıdır yoksa devlete destek ikincil bir güçle şiddet araçları daha mı güçlenmekte midir? Çalışmada, bu tartışmalara da yer verilecek ve şiddet tekelinin küreselleşmeyle birlikte aldığı görünüm değerlendirilecektir.
The monopoly of violence, which implies the authority of the state over means of violence, is seen as the most distinctive feature of the modern state. Forms of monopoly of violence have been changed according to the methods of production. In the pre-Medieval era, the authority over means of violence was changed according to different forms of governances. Despite differences, one can claim that such an authority refers to a limited sort of authority. The Middle Ages, which was saturated by feudal means of production and in which the political power was divided, indicated a period of weak monopoly of violence. With the collapse of the feudal order and its replacement with the capitalist mode of roduction, the political structure was also transformed. In this new era in which the modern state appeared, political power became centralized and built a monopoly over means of violence. That happened not overnight but in a spreading period of time. Because the use of the monopoly of violence by specific actors continued after the birth of the modern state. But as with the state's creating its own means of violence, the monopoly of violence was built. Today, the globalization process and its effects are being discussed. The globalization process has been changing the structure of the state and its functions. The monopoly of violence is also being affected by this change. With this process, the private supply of the monopoly of violence is again on the front burner, as it was before the modern state. But the issue of how to read this change is open to debate. Is it an abrasion of the monopoly of violence or, with a secondary power undermining the state, are means of violence becoming more powerful? In this study, such debates are going to be treated and the appearance that means of violence has gained with globalization will be assessed.
Monopoly of violence, which implies the authority of the state over means of violence, is seen as the most distinctive feature of the modern state. Forms of monopoly of violence have been changed according to modes of production. In pre-medieval era, the authority over means of violence was changed according to different forms of governances. Despite differences, one can claim that such an authority refers to a limited sort of authority. The Middle Ages, which was saturated by feudal means of production and in which the political power was divided, indicated a period of weak monopoly of violence. With the collapse of feudal order and its replacement with the capitalist mode of roduction, political structure was also transformed. In this new era in which the modern state appeared, political power became centralized and built a monopoly over means of violence. That happened not overnight but in a spreading period of time. Because the use of monopoly of violence by specific actors continued after the birth of the modern state. But as with the state’s creating its own means of violence, the monopoly of violence was built. Today, globalization process and its effects are being discussed. Globalization process has been changing the structure of the state and its functions. Monopoly of violence is also being affected by this change. With this process, the private supply of monopoly of violence is again on the front burner, as it was before the modern state. But the issue of how to read this change is open to debate. Is it an abrasion of monopoly of violence or, with a secondary power underpinning the state, are means of violence becoming more powerful? In this study, such debates are going to be treated and the appearance that means of violence has gained with the globalization will be assessed.
Alan : Hukuk
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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