Özet:

We evaluated the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of somaclones of the first generation (SC1) obtained in vitro from 11 spring wheat varieties in the culture of immature embryos. Phenotypic deviations from the parental forms were found in 28.7% of the regenerated plants. The frequency of variability ranged from 20 to 56.6%, depending on the donor of the explant. We found that the genotype, as well as the changes that occur at the cellular level during the cultivation, affect the variability of the traits. Keywords: Spring bread wheat; callus; somaclonal variation; regenerant References: Akhtar, S., Niaz, M., Rahman, S., & Asif, M. (2012). Study of somaclonal variation in wheat for the induction of salinity tolerance. Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(2), 165-176. Arun, B., Joshi, A. K., Chand R., & Singh B. D. (2003). Wheat somaclonal variants showing earliness, improved spot blotch resistance and higher yield. Euphytica, 132, 235-241. Baer, G. Y., Emec, A. I., Stadnichuk, N. A., Rahmetov, D. B., & Blyum, Y. B. (2007). Somaklonal'naya variabel'nost' kak istochnik dlya sozdaniya novyh sortov pal'chatogo prosa Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Citologiya i genetika, 4, 9-14. (In Russian) Dolgih, Y. I. (2005). Somaklonal'naya izmenchivost' rastenij i vozmozhnosti ee prakticheskogo ispol'zovaniya (na primere kukuruzy): avtoref. … d-ra biol. nauk.-M., 45. (In Russian) Hussain, M., Khan, G. S., Shaheen, M. S., & Ahmad, M. (2001). Somaclonal variation in regenerated plants of ten wheat genotypes. Journal of Agricultural Research, 39(1), 1-7. Larkin, P. J., Ryan, S. A., & Brettel, R. I. (1984). Heritable somaclonal variation in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 67(2), 443-445. Larkin, P. J., & Scowcroft, W. R. (1981). A novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 60(4), 97-214. Linsmaier, E., & Skoog, F. (1965). Organic growth factor reqularments of tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum, 18, 1, 100-127. Mahmood, I., Razzaq, A., Rasheed, M., Qayyum, A., & Ahmad, M. (2014). Employment of immature embryo culture for in vitro selection of drought tolerant somaclones of wheat. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20, 155-161. Miguel, C., & Marum, L. (2011). An epigenetic view of plant cells cultured in vitro: somaclonal variation and beyond. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(11), 3713-3725. Rai, M. K., Kalia, R. K., Singh, R., Gangola, M. P, & Dhawan, A. K. (2011). Developing stress tolerant plants through in vitro selection-An overview of the recent progress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 71, 89-98. Zhang, D., Wang, Z., Wang, N., Gao, Y., & Liu, Y. (2014). Tissue culture-induced heritable genomic variation in rice, and their phenotypic implications. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e96879. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096879.

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