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Osmanlıda kazalar, başlarında ilmiye kökenden gelen kadı unvanlı sivil idarecilerin bulunduğu idarî birimlerdir. Osmanlı öncesi Türk-İslam devletlerinde görülmeyen kaza yapılanması erken dönem Osmanlı idari sisteminde de yoktur. XV. yüzyıldan itibaren toprakların genişlemesi, artan sancak sayısı ve bir sancaktaki kazaî işlere tek bir kadının yetişememesi gibi sebepler sancak yapılanmasından farklı olarak kaza/kadılık bölgelerinin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti’nde kadılıklar nüfus, mevkii ve başlarında bulunan kadılara sağladıkları gelirler dikkate alınarak öncelikle mevleviyet ve kasaba kadılıkları olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrılmışlardır ve bu idari birimlerde görev yapacak tüm kadıların tayin, terfi, azil gibi özlük işlemlerinden XVI. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına kadar kazaskerler yetkili olmuşlardır. Bu dönemden sonra mevleviyetler şeyhülislamın yetkisine geçerken, kazaskerler kasaba kadılıkları olarak tanımlanan kazalarda görev alacak kadıların özlük işlemleriyle ilgilenmişlerdir. Mevleviyet kadılıklarına yapılan tayinler ruus defterlerine kaydedilirken kasaba kadılılarına atanan kadıların tayin-terfi işlemleri ise Anadolu ve Rumeli kazaskerlerinin başlarında bulundukları kazaskerlik dairelerinde tutulan kazasker ruznamçelerine kayıt edilmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda kazasker ruznamçeleri Osmanlı kaza teşkilatına dair önemli bilgiler içermektedirler. Bu çalışmada, XVIII. yüzyılın ilk yarısında, H.1118-1170 (1706-1756), Rumeli kazaskerliği tarafından yapılan kadı atamaları içeren kazasker ruznamçeleri kullanılarak Osmanlı kaza teşkilatının işleyişine dair tespitler yapılmıştır. Ruznamçe verileri çerçevesinde Rumeli kazaskerliğine bağlı kazaları XVIII. yüzyılın ilk yarısındaki sayısı XVI-XVII. yüzyıl kaza sayılarıyla karşılaştırmalı ortaya konulmuş, kazaların mansıb, maişet ve te’bîd statüleriyle kadılar tarafından tasarruf edilmeleri örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca kazaların statülerinde yapılan değişikliklerin teşkilatın işleyişine etkileri ve alınan tedbirler, kazaların ilhak ve ifraz edilmeleri çalışmanın başlıkları arasındadır.
In the Ottoman, the accidents are the administrative units where women named civil administrators from the beginning of the science originate. There is no accident in the pre-Ottoman Turkish-Islamic states in the early Ottoman administrative system. The XV. Since the century, the expansion of the land, the increasing number of shells and the failure of a single woman to accomplish accidental works in a sanctuary have caused the formation of accidents/female areas, unlike the formation of shells. In the Ottoman State, women have been divided into two main groups, primarily present and city women, taking into account the income they provide to the women in their population, position and head, and in these administrative units all women will be assigned, promoted, asylum, asylum, asylum. By the second half of the century, the Kazasker were authorized. After this period, the presence passed to the authority of the shishulism, and the Kazasker were interested in the asset processes of the women who will be involved in the accidents defined as the city females. The appointments made to the women of possession are recorded in the ruus records while the appointments of the women assigned to the women of the city are recorded in the kazasker ruznamchies held in the kazaskery apartments where they are at the head of the Anadolu and Rumeli kazasker. In this context, Kazasker ruznamches contain important information about the Ottoman accident agency. In this work, the XVIII. In the first half of the century, H. 1118-1170 (1706-1756), the Ottoman accident agency was identified with the use of the Kazasker ruznamets containing female appointments made by the Rumeli Casaskery. In the framework of the data of Ruznamçe, the incident related to the Romeli kasaskerity XVIII. The number of the first half of the century is XVI-XVII. Compared to the number of accidents of the century, it is explained by examples that the accidents are saved by women with the statues of mansib, maishet and te'bîd. In addition, the effects of the changes made in the statutes of accidents on the functioning of the organization and the measures taken are among the headlines of the study.
Districts in the Ottoman state are administrative units ruled by civil administrators with a scholarly background, called kadi. The structure of districts which cannot be seen in the pre-Ottoman Turkish-Islamic states were also not present in early periods of the Ottoman administration system. Based on reasons like the fact that as from the XV. century grounds were expanded, the number of sandjaks increased, and a single kadi was not able to manage administrative business in a sandjak resulted in the establishment of district/kadiship regions aside from the sandjak organisation. Kadiships in the Ottoman state have been divided into two main groups named mevleviyet and kasaba kadiships according to their population, place and the type of income of their kadis, and personnel affairs like assignment, promotion, dismissal of kadis who were assigned to these group of subprovinces have been carried out by the kadi’asker (military judge) until the second half of the XVI. century. Thereafter, mevleviyet kadiships were delivered to the authority the shaykh al-islam, while the kadi’asker was responsible for the personnel affairs of kadis appointed to kadiships called kasaba (village). Assignments to mevleviyet kadiships were registered in ruus journals, however, the assignment and promotion affairs of kasaba kadiships were recorded in kadi’asker agendas kept at the kadi’asker departments under the authority of Anatolian and Rumelia kadi’askers. Therefore, kadi’asker agendas contain important information about the Ottoman district organisation. In this study determinations with regard to the operation of the Ottoman district organisation have been made by using kadi’asker agendas containing kadi assignments made by the Rumelia kadi’asker in the first half of the XVIII. century, H.1118-1170 (1706-1756). On base of data obtained from these agendas the number of districts attached to the Rumelia kadi’asker in the first half of the XVIII. century has been compared with the number of districts in the XVI-XVII. Century. The status of rank, subsistence and dismissal in districts as well as their disposition by kadis have been explained with examples. Furthermore, the effect of changes in the status of districts, and measures taken as well as annexation and subdivision of districts have been included in this study.
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