Abstract:

The purpose of the research is to study the biochemical composition, physical-and-chemical peculiarities of ether oils of dragonhead, hyssop, monarda and to determine their biological activity. Materials and methods. Vegetative raw materials of dragonhead, hyssop, monarda were taken during the flowering period. The component composition of ether oils was studied at a gas chromatograph “Crystal 2000” with a flame-ionization detector. Components of ether oils were identified by the time of substance keeping of the standards of Fluka, Merck, Sigma companies. The allelopathic activity of ether oils, citral, thymol, pinecamferol was studied by the bio-tests method. Results. The component composition of ether oils of scarlet monarda (Monarda didyma L), Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavicum L.), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) as valuable aromatic plants of polyfunctional value was studied and their physical-and-chemical parameters were determined. The main component of ether oil of hyssop plant was pinecamferol (84.68 %). The following compounds of terpenic nature as citral (49.9 %), geranilacetal (43.9 %) are found in ether oil of Moldavian dragonhead. Terpenic compounds of ether oils of scarlet monarda were represented by aromatic alcohols of thymol - 41,56 %. Growth processes of spring barley seedlings were slowed down while using oils synthesized from the vegetative material of all studied varieties at a concentration of 0.1 mcl (by 8.4-86.0 %), besides that hyssop oil had the least inhibitory effect. Concentrations of 0.1-1.0 mcl (92.74-98.85 %) especially in the variants with Moldavian dragonhead oil had the maximum impact on the development of garden-cress.Conclusions. The connection of biological activity with the component composition of ether oils of studied representatives and their chemically pure basic components was analyzed. The high biological activity of the studied substances, which may be a regulator of the structure and functions of individual components of the ecosystem under natural conditions, was proved. The received results indicate the prospect for further study of the peculiarities of ether oils of three varieties of studied plants of Lamiaceae Lindl family - Hyssopus officinalis L., Monarda didyma L., Dracocephalum moldavicum L., where aromatic substances dominate Author Biographies Nataliia Gnatiuk, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Sadova str., 2, Uman, Cherkasy region, Ukraine, 20300 PhD, Associate Professor Department of chemistry, ecology and methods of their teaching

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