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İran’ın Nasırüddin Şah ve Muzafferüddin Şah dönemlerinde İngiltere ve Rusya tarafından yarı sömürge durumuna getirilmesi süreci Kaçar idaresinin siyasi olarak yıpratılmasıyla birlikte başlamıştır. İngiltere, bu işin merkezinde olmuş, Rusya’yı ise kendi siyasi ve ekonomik menfaatleri doğrultusunda yönlendirmiştir. Rusya’nın İran’ın kuzeyinde askeri ve iktisadi nüfuz kurmasına ses çıkarmayarak veyahut aracı olarak, bu devletin güneydeki petrol bölgelerine sarkmasını önlemiştir. Nasırüddin Şah’ın idari olarak dışarıdan gelen hamleleri savuşturacak kabiliyette olmaması ve mali olarak İngiltere ve Rusya’ya yönelerek borçlanması, bu iki devletin İran’dan imtiyaz almada bağımsızlık sınırlarını zorlamalarına yol açmıştır. Muzafferüddin Şah’ın döneminde verilen imtiyazlar ile yerli üretim durma noktasına gelmiş, dışarıdan getirtilen işçiler üzerinden yapılan misyonerlik faaliyetleri iç dengeleri iyice bozmuştur. İngiliz ve Rus sermayedarlar tarafından alınan imtiyazlar ve İran’ın ağır borç yükü altına sokulması, iki devletin burada kurduğu bankalar üzerinden gerçekleşmiştir. Petrol ve madenlerin çıkartılması için alınan imtiyazların içerisine arkeolojik kazı yapma maddeleri de eklenerek Pers ve Sasani dönemi hazineleri ve eserleri talan edilmiştir. İran’dan kendi sanayilerine hammadde taşımak için alınan demiryolu ve telgraf hatları imtiyazları bütün İran topraklarının uzmanlarca taranmasına sebep olmuştur. İngiltere’nin kurduğu Bank-ı Şahinşahi ve Rusya’nın kurduğu Bank-ı İstikrazi aracılığıyla Kaçar hükümetinin borçlanması sağlanarak siyasi ve ekonomik nüfuz ile birlikte geri kalmışlık psikolojisi kabul ettirilmiştir.
The process of turning Iran into a semi-colonial state by Britain and Russia in the Nasiruddin Shah and Muzafferuddin Shah periods began with the political destruction of the Qajar administration. Britain was at the center of this work, and it directed Russia towards its own political and economic interests. It has prevented Russia from dangling into the oil regions in the southern part of Russia, as a means of making its military and economic influence in the north of Iran. The fact that Nasiruddin Shah did not have the capacity to ward off internally disproportionate movements, and borrowed financially from England and Russia, led the two states to push the boundaries of independence in Iran from obtaining concessions. With the privileges given in the Muzafferuddin Shah's period, domestic production came to a stop and the missionary activities carried out on the outsourced workers disrupted the internal balances. The privileges taken by the British and Russian capitalists and the heavy debt burden of Iran were carried out through the banks established by the two states. Archaeological excavation materials were added to the concessions taken for the extraction of oil and mines, and the treasures and works of Persia and Sassanid period were plundered. The privileges of rail and telegraph lines taken from Iran to transport raw materials to their industries have led to the screening of all Iranian lands by experts. Through the Bank of Shahinshahi founded by Britain and the Bank of Stability established by Russia, the Kashar government borrowed and adopted a psychology of backwardness along with political and economic influence.
The process of turning Iran into a semi-colonial state by Britain and Russia in the Nasiruddin Shah and Muzafferuddin Shah periods started with the political destruction of the Qajar administration. Britain was at the center of this work, and it directed Russia towards its own political and economic interests. It has prevented Russia from dangling into the oil regions in the southern part of Russia, as a means of making its military and economic influence in the north of Iran. The fact that Nasiruddin Shah did not have the capacity to ward off internally disproportionate movements, and borrowed financially from England and Russia, led the two states to push the boundaries of independence in Iran from obtaining concessions. With the privileges given in Muzafferüddin Şah's period, domestic production came to a halt and the missionary activities carried out on the outsourced workers disrupted the internal balances. The privileges taken by the British and Russian capitalists and the heavy debt burden of Iran were carried out through the banks established by the two states. Archaeological excavation materials were added to the concessions taken for the extraction of oil and mines, and the treasures and works of Persia and Sassanid period were plundered. The privileges of rail and telegraph lines taken from Iran to transport raw materials to their industries have led to the screening of all Iranian lands by experts. Through the Bank-ı Şahinşahi founded by Britain and Bank-ı İstikrazi established by Russia, the Kashar government borrowed and adopted a psychology of backwardness along with political and economic influence.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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