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Abstract The present study attempts to present the writer Elysio de Carvalho within the context of his activities as a translator and writer at the turn of the 19th to the 20th centuries, by mainly taking into account his contribution in the dissemination of Oscar Wilde’s literature in Brazil and the aesthetic legacy of his writing and translation. These facets are little studied when confronted with Carvalho’s decisive character both as an editor and as an intellectual of Letters. These facets converge to his political activity and his involvement with anarchic tenets and, his future conservative ideology. Literary theoreticians’ and critics’ works, among whom Edmundo Bouças Coutinho (2006), Peter Raby (2010), among others, are used as a basis for literary discussion regarding these themes. After that, a translation, by Elysio de Carvalho, of Oscar Wilde’s poem The ballad of Reading Gaol, by Carvalho entitled A ballada do enforcado, was translated in 1899, in this way introducing Oscar Wilde’s literature within the Brazilian literary system and the theater play entitled Uma tragedia Florentina, written in 1924. In this study, we seek to uncover marks of his translation project by means of an analysis of his translational choices and Carvalho’s aesthetic, stylistic and cultural transposition of Wilde’s works. For this purpose, the theoretical texts by Susan Bassnett (2005), Andre Lefevere (2007) are utilized, as well as the foundations of Itamar Even-Zohar’s Polysystems Theory (1990), theoretician who founded the Cultural Studies in Translation. The relevance of Carvalho’s translation is verified by means of the transference of Oscar Wilde’s literary and aesthetic marks, through the images, metaphorical and semantic constructions present in both the poem and the theater play.

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