Özet:

As an energy sensor, protein kinase (AMPK), activated with 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP), coordinates metabolic pathways and regulates the cell energy demand to a maximum level. AMPK, a cool/treonin protein complex, consists of three main subunits. The molecular regulation of AMPK is made by the phosphorylation of these three main subunits. AMPK is active at low energy levels (AMP/ADP:ATP). When AMPK is active in metabolism, anabolic reactions are inhibited while catabolic reactions are activated. When AMPK is active, the protein, fatty acids, glucogen and cholesterol synthesis are inhibited, while the oxidation of fatty acids, the translocation of GLUT4 protein independently of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels and the process of destruction of damaged cells (otofagi) is activated. AMPK is activated by LKB1 (serine-threonine kinase liver kinase B1) and CaMKKβ (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β) kinases. In the treatment of diabetes, the activation of AMPK is also made by some medications such as metformin. In addition to pharmaceutical drugs, many naturally found phytochemical compounds have been shown to activate AMPK, especially some polyphenols. These polyphenols have also been shown to activate both AMPK and reduce complications of type 2 diabetes. Among them the most known polyphenols are resveratrol, curcetin and kurmumin. In addition, vitamin D and vitamin K1 have also been shown to activate AMPK and increase GLUT4 translocation. As seen, increased activation of AMPK has been shown to be important in the treatment of many diseases, including diabetes. In increasing the activation of AMPK, it is seen that exercise has an important role in functional nutrients and vitamins.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Özet:

As an energy sensor, 5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) - activated protein kinase (AMPK) coordinates metabolic pathways to maximize cell energy requirements. AMPK, a serine / threonine protein complex, consists of three main subunits. Molecular regulation of AMPK is achieved by phosphorylation of these three main subunits. AMPK is activated at low energy levels (AMP / ADP: ATP). When AMPK is activated in metabolism, anabolic reactions are inhibited and catabolic reactions are activated. When AMPK is activated, protein, fatty acids, glycogen and cholesterol synthesis are inhibited while oxidation of fatty acids, translocation of the GLUT4 protein, and the destruction of damaged cells (autophagy) are activated. Activation of AMPK is also mediated by LKB1 (serine – threonine kinase liver kinase B1) and CaMKKβ (Ca2+ / calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β) kinases. Some drugs such as metformin also mediate activation of AMPK in the treatment of diabetes. In addition to pharmaceutical drugs, a large number of naturally occurring phytochemical compounds, especially some polyphenols, have been shown to activate AMPK. These polyphenols have been reported to both activate AMPK and reduce the complications of Type 2 diabetes. Among these, the most known and active polyphenols are resveratrol, quercetin and kurmumin. In addition, vitamin D and vitamin K1 activate AMPK and increase the translocation of GLUT4. As seen, increasing the activation of AMPK has been shown to be important in the treatment of many diseases, especially diabetes. In addition to exercise, it appears to have an important role of functional nutrients and vitamins in increasing the activation of AMPK.