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132 yıl boyunca Fransız işgalinde kalan Cezayir’de halk ve doğal olarak edebiyat, baskı ve sansür altındaydı. Fransızlar okuyan, eğitimli ve bilinçli bir nesilden ziyade kendisine hizmet eden bir toplum oluşturma gayesindeydi. Bu nedenle Cezayir’de gerçekleştirilen uygulamalar halkı cahilleştirme ve İslam’dan uzaklaştırma politikası çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda özellikle 1930’lu yıllarda gençlerin bilinçlenmesi ve eğitim almaları adına insanlar evlatlarını Tunus’a Zeytûne Üniversitesi’ne göndermiştir. Zamanla Cezayir’de devrim hareketi başlamış ve 1962 yılında ülke, Fransızlardan bağımsızlığını ağır bedeller ödeyerek kazanmıştır. Bu nedenle ülkede edebiyat özellikle de Doğu Arap ülkelerinin gerisinde kalmış, öykü ve roman gibi tiyatro da geç ortaya çıkan bir sanat olmuştur. Fransızlar döneminde tiyatronun varlığı bilinse de Cezayir insanı bu sanattan mahrum bırakılmış ve daha çok Fransızlar tiyatro sanatı ile ilgilenmişlerdir. Cezayir’de tiyatro sanatının halka ulaşabilmesi adına rastlanan ilk örneklere bakıldığında, bu örnekler daha çok çeviriler ve uyarlamalardan oluşmaktaydı. 1920’den itibaren oluşturulan tiyatro toplulukları, ülkeye Doğu Arap ülkelerinden gelen tiyatro topluluklarından ilham almışlardır. Bağımsızlığa kadar Cezayir’de pek çok tiyatro topluluğu sayesinde nice oyun sahnelenmiştir. Bağımsızlık sonrasında Cezayir tiyatrosu gelişme kaydetmiş ancak 1990’lı yıllarda yaşanılan iç savaş nedeniyle sekteye uğramıştır. Buna rağmen tiyatro ayakta kalabilmiş, özgün eserler verebilen oyuncularını ve yazarlarını yetiştirebilmiştir. Bu çalışmada doğuşundan günümüze değin Cezayir Tiyatrosu’nun gelişim seyri hakkında detaylı bir şekilde bilgi vermek amaçlanmıştır
Algeria, which was occupied by the French for 132 years, was under public and naturally literature, pressure and censorship. The French were aiming to create a society that serves him rather than a reading, educated and conscious generation. Therefore, the practices carried out in Algeria have been determined within the framework of the policy of ignorance and removal of the people from Islam. In this context, especially in the 1930s, people sent their children to the University of Zeytûne in Tunisia in order to awareness and education young people. With time, the revolutionary movement began in Algeria and in 1962 the country gained its independence from the French by paying heavy fees. Therefore, literature in the country, especially in the Eastern Arab countries, has been behind, and the theatre, such as story and novel, has become a late art. Although the existence of the theater was known in the French era, the Algeria was deprived of this art and the French were more interested in theatrical art. When we look at the first examples found in the name of the public access of the theatre art in Algeria, these examples consisted more of translations and adaptations. The theatrical communities founded since 1920 have been inspired by the theatrical communities from the Eastern Arab countries. Many games have been shown in Algeria thanks to many theatrical communities until independence. After independence, the Algeria theatre has recorded development, but it has become sectified due to the 1990s civil war. Despite this, the theatre has been able to stand up, educate actors and writers who can give original works. This study is intended to provide detailed information about the development of the Algerian Theatre from birth to present.
In Algeria, which was under French occupation for 132 years, the people and naturally literature were under pressure and censorship. The French aimed to create a society that served itself rather than an educated and conscious generation. For this reason, the practices carried out in Algeria were determined within the framework of the policy of ignoring the people and turning them away from Islam. In this context, especially in the 1930s, people sent their sons to Tunisia to Zeytûne University in order to raise awareness of the youth and receive education. Like short stories and novels, theater has also been a late emerging art. Although the existence of the theater was known during the French period, Algerian people were deprived of this art and the French followed the theater. In this context, the first examples are encountered in Algeria in the 1920s for the theater to reach the public. These examples consisted mostly of translations and adaptations. The communities created from 1920 were inspired by the communities that came to the country from Eastern Arab countries. Thanks to many theater companies, many plays were staged in Algeria until independence. After independence, the Algerian theater made progress, but was interrupted by the civil war in the 1990s. Despite this, the theater has survived and trained its actors and writers who can produce original works. In this study, it is aimed to give detailed information about the development of the Algerian Theater from its birth to the present.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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