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Burhân, Aristoteles mantığında kesin çıkarıma dayalı bir yöntemdir. Aristoteles, ilk kez burhânî bilimler için konu, ilke ve mesele hususunu ele almıştır. İslam felsefesinde el-Fârâbî tarafından da kabul gören bu husus, İbn Sînâ tarafından sistematik hale getirilerek metafiziğe uygulanmıştır. İbn Sînâ sonrasında el-Gazzâlî bu çerçevede kelam ilminin konu ve meselelerini ortaya koyar. Daha sonra el-Urmevî bu bağlamda kelam ve metafiziğin konu ve meselelerini irdeleyerek bu ilimleri birbirinden ayırır. Sadreddîn el-Konevî ve sonrasında Dâvûd-i Kayserî bu metodoloji ile tasavvufu temellendirirken el-Cürcânî de el-Urmevî’den farklı bir yaklaşımla kelamın konu ve meselelerini ele alır. İbn Haldûn da konu, ilke ve mesele ayrımını yeni bir bilim olarak ortaya koyduğu umran ilmine tatbik eder. Bu çalışmamızda, ilimler için bilimsellik ölçütü olarak görülen konu, ilke ve mesele ayrımının Ortaçağ İslam düşüncesindeki metafizik, kelam, tasavvuf ve umran ilmi bağlamında bazı uygulamalarını ele aldık. Bunu yaparken sosyal bilimlerin ve felsefenin temel yöntemlerinden olan anlama, yorumlama, mukayese etme ve değerlendirmeye dayalı bir metot izledik.
Burhan is a method based on the logic of Aristotle. Aristotle discussed the subject, principle and subject matter for the bourgeois sciences for the first time. In the Islamic philosophy, this aspect is also accepted by al-Fârâbî, and is systematically applied to metaphysics by Ibn Sîna. After that, he will be able to reveal the knowledge of the Qur’an and the knowledge of the Qur’an. After that, El-Urmevi, in this context, discovers the subject and the subjects of Kelam and metaphysics and differentiates these sciences. In the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Ibn Haldûn also practices the subject, the principle and the issue differences as a new science. In this study, we discussed some practices of the subject, principle and issue differentiation, which is seen as the scientific measure for sciences, in the context of metaphysics, kelam, tasavvuf and umran science in the Middle Ages Islamic thought. While doing this, we followed a method based on understanding, interpretation, comparison and evaluation, which is one of the basic methods of social sciences and philosophy.
For the first time, Aristotle has dealt with the subject, principle and investigation for the sciences of demonstration. For the first time this issue was made systematic by Avicenna in Islamic philosophy and in this context, he put forward the subjects, principles and investigations of metaphysic as an independent science. In this context, the issue of what is the role of this methodology in the emergence of new sciences in Islamic thought of the Middle Ages has been an issue to be emphasized. Likewise, the place of this systematic in today's understanding of science is a matter of curiosity. In this study, we discussed some applications of the distinction of subject, principle and investigation which are regarded as scientific criteria for the sciences in the context of metaphysic, kelam, sufism and umran in the Islamic thought in the Middle ages. Within the framework of this methodology, we have come to the conclusion that independent sciences emerge and this understanding is still the basic criterion for sciences. In doing so, we have followed a method based on understanding, interpretation, comparison and evaluation, which is one of the basic methods of social sciences and philosophy.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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