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Dilin ses yapısında meydana gelen değişmelere ses olayı denir. Ses olayının sebeplerinden biri de, bir kelime veya şeklin başka bir kelime veya şekli etkileyerek ortak özelliklere sahip başka şeklin oluşması demek olan bulaşmadır. Türkçenin Arap alfabesi ile yazıldığı dönemlerinde Arap alfabesindeki “vav” ve “ya” harflerinin Türkçedeki hem ünlü hem de ünsüz bazı sesleri karşılaması birtakım Arapça ve Farsça kelimelerde farklı okumalara sebep olmuştur. Yani bazı kelimelerde ünlü okunması gereken “ya” harfi ünsüz; bazı kelimelerde ünsüz okunması gereken “vav” ve “ya” harfleri ünlü okunmuşlardır. Bu farklı okumalar sonucunda bazı kelimeler kaynak dildeki karşılıklarından başka bir şekle dönüşmüşlerdir. Arap alfabesinde olmayan “g” ve “damak n’si” gibi sesler, Arap harfli Türk alfabesinde, Fars alfabesinden alınan “kâf-i Farisî” ve Türkler tarafından oluşturulan “kâf-i nûnî” ile karşılanmışlardır. Ancak bu sesler el yazması eserlerde çok zaman kolaylık sebebiyle Arabî kef ile yazılmışlardır. Bazı Arap lehçelerine girmiş olan ve bünyesinde bu sesleri barındıran birtakım Türkçe kelimelerde, bahsedilen seslerin Arap alfabesindeki kef harfiyle yazılmasından dolayı farklı okunmaları söz konusudur. Yine Arap alfabesindeki hareke sistemi sebebiyle de bazı kelimelerde ses olayları ortaya çıkmıştır. Aynı harflerle yazılan bazı kelimelerin farklı harekelenmesi sonucunda eş anlamlı farklı kelimeler ortaya çıkmıştır. Aslında farklı sebepler ile ses olayı geçirmiş olan tespit ettiğimiz bazı kelimelerde ortaya çıkan bütün ses olaylarının yönünü belirleyen şey, bulaşmadır. Bu olaylardaki bulaşma sebebi ise Arap alfabesi, daha genel bir ifade ile yazıdır. Bu da ses olaylarının önce konuşma dilinde meydana gelmesi genel karakterinden farklı olarak yazının da ses olaylarına sebep olması gibi bir tespiti ortaya koymaktadır. Yazımızda, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi dönemine ait bazı yazma eserlerde tespit ettiğimiz bu tür ses olayı geçirmiş örneklere yer verdik.
Changes that occur in the phonetic structure of a language are called phonetic events. One of the reasons for phonetic change is contamination in which a word or form influences another word or form and a different form with common features arises. In earlier periods when Turkish was written in Arabic letters, the fact that the Arabic letters "vav" and "ya" corresponded to both vowel and consonant phonemes caused there to be some different pronunciations in Arabic and Persian words. In other words, the letter "ya" which is expected to be pronounced as a vowel is pronounced as a consonant, and the letters "vav" and "ya" are pronounced as vowels although they are expected to be pronounced as consonants. As a result of these varied pronunciations, some words evolved into forms that are different from the corresponding words in their original language. Phonemes such as "g" and "nasal n" which are not found in the Arabic alphabet are counterbalanced in the Ottoman alphabet with "Kaf-i Farisî" borrowed from the Persian alphabet and "Kaf-i nûnî" which Turks developed. But these phonemes were written with Arabic kef in manuscripts due to greater ease of writing. In some Turkish words which include these phonemes and which are used in some Arabic dialects, different pronunciations exist due to the fact that the mentioned phonemes in the Arabic alphabets are written with the letter kef. The reason for these phonetic events that are based on contamination is the system of vowel points in the Arabic alphabet. As some words written with the same letters were developed with different vowel points, synonymous words came into existence. It is in fact contamination which determines the direction of all phonetic events that emerge in these words undergoing phonetic events through different reasons. The reason for contamination in those events is the Arabic alphabet, that is, writing in more general terms. The fact that phonetic events arise firstly in spoken language indicates that it is not the typical characteristic of writing to cause phonetic events although this is possible. Examples that belong to the period of Old Anatolian Turkish and that undergo this kind of phonetic event are given in the study.
Changes which occur in the phonetic structure of a language are called phonetic events. One of the reasons for phonetic change is contamination in which a word or form influences another word or form and a different form with common features arises. In earlier periods when Turkish was written in Arabic letters, the fact that the Arabic letters “vav” and “ya” corresponded to both vowel and consonant phonemes caused there to be some different pronunciations in Arabic and Persian words. In other words, the letter “ya” which is expected to be pronounced as a vowel is pronounced as a consonant, and the letters “vav” and “ya” are pronounced as vowels although they are expected to be pronounced as consonants. As a result of these variant pronunciations, some words evolved into forms that are different from the corresponding words in their original language. Phonemes such as “g” and “nasal n” which are not found in the Arabic alphabet are counterbalanced in the Ottoman alphabet with “kâf-i Farisî” borrowed from the Persian alphabet and “kâf-i nûnî” which Turks developed. But these phonemes were written with Arabic kef in manuscripts due to greater ease of writing. In some Turkish words which include these phonemes and which are used in some Arabic dialects, different pronunciations exist due to the fact that the mentioned phonemes in the Arabic alphabets are written with the letter kef. The reason for these phonetic events which are based on contamination is the system of vowel points in the Arabic alphabet. As some words written with the same letters were developed with different vowel points, synonymous words came into existence. It is in fact contamination which determines the direction of all phonetic events that emerge in these words undergoing phonetic events through different reasons. The reason for contamination in those events is the Arabic alphabet, that is, writing in more general terms. The fact that phonetic events arise firstly in spoken language indicates that it is not the typical characteristic of writing to cause phonetic events although this is possible. Examples that belong to the period of Old Anatolian Turkish and that undergo this kind of phonetic event are given in the study.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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