Abstract:

The resources available to every nation in the field of health are limited. Despite this, there is no limit to people's demand for health. While these resources are sometimes used correctly, sometimes they may be used incorrectly. There are also alternative costs of resource use. Since human needs are diverse, the answer to the question of how this diversity will be answered for the field of health with scarce resources constitutes the field of study of health economics. The starting point of health economics is the connections that the health sector creates with other sectors. Economics studies the choices people make. Likewise, health economics examines the connections of these preferences with the field of health. As the consumer is accepted as a rational being in economics, in health economics the patient is accepted as an entity that makes rational decisions. It would be correct to accept that decisions are made in line with this rationality, except for emergency cases. The biggest need for health economics is the problem of how high costs should be covered. While technological developments are not enough to reduce these costs, the opposite is true. The role of the physician in health economics is very important because the physician decides on behalf of the patient in the field of health and this affects the demand side. The role of the state in the field of health is important. While some health economics systems are completely close to the market economy, some health economics systems have a more controlling structure. Ethical problems will arise when the health market is shaped entirely according to the market economy. It can be observed that efficiency will decrease when it evolves into a fully controlling system.

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