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Halk sağlığı, yaşanılan Covid-19 pandemi döneminde mekansal paradigmanın değişimi tartışmalarında ana gündemi oluşturmuş ve ‘sağlıklı yaşam-mekan ilişkisinin doğru kurulmasının önemi’ bir kez daha ortaya çıkmıştır. Pandemi sürecinin farklı bileşenleri insanların yaşam düzenlerini ve alışkanlıklarını tüm dünyada değiştirmiştir. Birçok ülkede özellikle kentler ve kentsel fonksiyonlar için ‘mekansal içe kapanma’ olarak tanımlayabileceğimiz farklı içeriklerde karantinalar uygulanmıştır. Özel ve resmi kurum/kuruluşlar uzaktan (online) veya dönüşümlü mesai uygulamalarına geçmek zorunda kalmış, eğitim süreçlerine önce ara verilmiş, pandeminin süreklilik kazanmasıyla çok sayıda ülkede çevrimiçi eğitim modeline geçilmiştir. Pandemi sürecinde ani olarak değişen ve beklenmedik biçimde kalıcılık kazanarak mekansal kapanmaya zorlayan yaşam şekli, ev-iş-okul ve kamusal müşterek alanlarda geçirilen süreleri, kentsel faaliyetlerin içeriğini değiştirmiştir. Kapalı/özel alanlarda geçirilen sürenin artmasıyla insanların fiziksel ve sosyal aktiviteleri azalmış, açık/müşterek alanların önemi, üzerinde çok tartışılan kentsel çalışmaları işaret etmeye başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda topluluğun sahip olduğu, paylaşılan kaynaklar olarak tanımlanan ‘müştereklere’ odaklanılmış ve mekanın planlanmasında, tasarımında yeni yaklaşımların ne olacağı soruları gündeme gelmiştir. Pandemi döneminde bulaş riski barındıran toplanma mekanları, toplu taşıma kullanımı vd. yolculuklar, özellikle kentsel kamusal mekanlar ve hizmetler sağlık açısından riskli hale gelmiştir. Bu sınırlamalar ve bulaş riski insanları yaşadıkları konut, ortak yaşam alanları olan sokak, mahalle, parklar, vb. yerler ile pandemi öncesine göre daha ilgili hale getirmiştir. Yaşadıkları yerden uzaklaşamayan ve kendilerine alan arayan kentliler mahallelerini ve sokaklarını yeniden keşfetme sürecine girmiştir. Özel yaşam alanının hemen sınırında yer alan, özellikle yürüme mesafesindeki/mahalledeki müşterek alanlar önem kazanmış, bu alanların yaşamın sürdürülmesi boyutundaki işlevleri öne çıkmıştır. Çalışmada, mahalledeki müşterek alanların halk sağlığına katkısı ve artan önemi ile işlevi, bu kapsamda tartışılmıştır. Araştırmada şehir planlama disiplini içerisinde mahalle müşterekleri ve sağlıklı yaşam çevresi temel alınarak literatür taraması ve buna bağlı bir derleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan taramanın sonucunda üzerinde çok tartışılan ‘halk sağlığı’ kavramı bu çalışmanın ana ekseni olarak belirlenmiştir. Halk sağlığını mahalle ölçeğinde ilgilendiren mahalle müşterekleri (açık ve yeşil alanlar, ortak donatı alanları vb.) ve işlevleri, sosyo-ekonomik faktörlerle etkileşimli olarak ele alınmıştır. Pandemi sürecinde mahallede fiziksel aktivite ve hareketliliği destekleyen ortak alanların, parkların ve sokakların önemi artarken sosyo-ekonomik ve mekansal eşitsizliklerin bireylerin fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığını olumsuz etkilediği, halk sağlığının mekansal içeriğinin, üzerinde çalışılması gereken disiplinlerarası bir sorun alanı oluşturduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Public health was the main agenda in the discussions about the change of the spatial paradigm during the Covid-19 pandemic period, and the "importance of proper establishment of a healthy life-spatial relationship" has again emerged. Different components of the pandemic process have changed people’s lifestyle and habits around the world. In many countries, quarantines have been applied in different content, especially for cities and urban functions, which we can describe as ‘mekanal closure’. Private and official institutions/institutions have been forced to move to distant (online) or transformed employment practices, interrupted before their educational processes, and with the continuity of the pandemic, they have passed to the online education model in many countries. The way of life that suddenly changes during the pandemic process and unpredictablely gains durability forced space closure, the time spent in the areas of home-work-school and public client, has changed the contents of urban activities. With the increase of the time spent in the closed/private areas, the physical and social activities of people have decreased, the importance of the open/private areas has begun to indicate the highly discussed urban work. In this context, the community has focused on the “customers” defined as shared resources, and in the planning of the site, the questions of what the new approaches in the design will be. Collections where the risk of infection during the pandemic period, the use of public transport, etc. Travel, especially urban public spaces and services have become dangerous in terms of health. These limitations and the risk of infection people live in the housing, the streets, neighborhoods, parks, etc. It has become more related to places and pandemic than before. The towns who are unable to get away from where they live and seeking space for themselves have entered the process of re-exploring their neighborhoods and streets. Located in the immediate boundary of the private living area, especially in the walking distance / neighborhood, the customer areas have gained importance, the functions of these areas in the extent of the sustainability of life have been highlighted. In the study, the contribution and increasing importance of the public health of the customer areas in the neighborhood and the function, in this scope, was discussed. In the study, urban planning discipline based on neighbouring clients and healthy life environment, literature scan and a related editing work was carried out. As a result of the scan, the concept of "people's health" which has been widely discussed has been determined as the main axis of this study. Neighborhood clients who are concerned with public health at neighborhood scale (open and green areas, joint equipment areas, etc.) Their functions are interacted with socio-economic factors. While the importance of common areas, parks and streets that support physical activity and mobility in the neighborhood during the pandemic process has increased, it has been revealed that socio-economic and spatial inequalities have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of individuals, that the spatial content of public health is a cross-disciplinary problem area to be studied.
Public health has been the main agenda once again in the changing spatial paradigm during the Covid-19 pandemic period, and the ‘importance of establishing a healthy life-space relationship’ has once again emerged. The pandemic processes have changed people’s living patterns and habits all over the world. In many countries, quarantines with different contents, which we can define as ‘spatial limitation-closure’, have been implemented especially for cities and urban functions. Private and public institutions, companies and government offices have switched to flexible or remote (online) or rotational work practices. Education processes were suspended first, and with the continuity of the pandemic, online education models have been adopted in many countries. During the pandemic process, the lifestyle that changed suddenly and unexpectedly forced the spatial closure by gaining permanence, the time spent in the home-work-school and public common areas changed the context of urban activities. With the increase of time spent in closed / private spaces, people’s physical and social activities have decreased, and the importance of open / common areas has started to point out the significant debates in urban studies. In this context, the focus has been on the ‘commons’, neighborhoodefined as shared resources owned by the community, and questions of what new approaches will be in the planning and design of the space have been raised. During the pandemic period, meeting places, public transportation use, etc. travels, especially urban public spaces and services, have become health-risky. These limitations and the risk of contamination have made people more concerned than before the pandemic with their dwellings and commons such as streets, neighborhoods, parks, etc. Residents who cannot get away from where they live and seek space for themselves have entered the process of rediscovering their neighborhoods and streets. The common areas located at the border of the private living area, especially within walking distance / in the neighborhood, have gained importance, and the functions of these areas in terms of sustaining life have become more visible. In this study, the contribution of neighborhood commons to public health, and their increasing importance and functions are discussed in this context. This article is mainly based on a literature review and a related assembling study on neighborhood commons and healthy living environment within the urban planning discipline. The concept of ‘public health’, which has been referred to a lot, is determined as the main axis of this study. Neighborhood commons (open and green areas, amenities and service areas, etc.) and their functions, concerning public health at the neighborhood level, are questioned relating to socio-economic factors. While the importance of common areas, parks and streets that support physical activity and mobility in the neighborhood increased during the pandemic process; it has been revealed that socio-economic and spatial inequalities negatively affect the physical and mental health of individuals, and the spatial content of public health creates a problem area that needs to be studied interdisciplinary.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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