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Oyunlarının merkezine çoğunlukla tarihsel ve politik olguları taşıyan İngiliz tiyatro yazarı Howard Brenton, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası İngiliz tarihinden beslenen oyun yazarları arasında yer alır. Brenton, İngiltere’nin başarısız iç ve dış siyasetinin yanısıra tarihsel ve siyasal sorunların nedenlerini açığa çıkarma amacı güder. Yazarın İngiliz siyasetini eleştirdiği “bir kahramanın trajikomedisi” (Brenton 2016b) olan Arabistan Ardından Lawrence isimli oyunu da bir istisna değildir. Oyunun Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son döneminde geçmesi, Türk tarihinden izler taşıması ve coğrafi sahnesinin Osmanlı’nın Büyük Dünya Savaşı’nda kaybettiği Orta Doğu toprakları olması oyunu ilginç kılan unsurlardır. Arabistan Ardından Lawrence, ilk kez 28 Nisan 2016 tarihinde Hampstead Theatre’da sahnelenmiştir. Bu tarih, Arap isyanının ve Sykes-Picot Antlaşmasının yüzüncü yıl dönümü olmasından dolayı gözardı edilmemelidir. Yeni yüzyılda Orta Doğu’daki çatışmaların, Arap baharı isyanlarının, Suriye’deki gelişmelerin olumsuz etkilerinin sürmesi, oyunu daha da ilginç hale getirir. Yazarın, oyunda İngiltere’nin terörle ilişkili güncel sorunları çözmede geçmişte yaptığı hataları görmesi gerektiğini savunduğu söylenmelidir. Ancak, bu çalışma, Arabistan Ardından Lawrence’ı başka bir açıdan ele alır oyunun başkahramanı olan Lawrence’ı ideoloji kavramıyla inceler. Bu bağlamda, Fransız filozof Louis Althusser’in özellikle Marx İçin (2002), İdeoloji ve Devletin İdeolojik Aygıtları (2002) ve Felsefi ve Siyasal Yazılar I (2004) isimli çalışmalarından faydalanır. Oyunun başkahramanının içinde bulunduğu karmaşa, Althusser’in Brechtyen Tiyatro anlayışı ışığında sanat ve tiyatro üzerine ele aldığı görüşlerinden yararlanılarak incelenir. Çalışma, Howard Brenton’ın kahramanını oluştururken, bir tiyatro hammadesi olarak ideolojiden nasıl yararlandığını ve İngiltere’nin politik yanlışları nedeniyle Lawrence’ın içine doğduğu bu ideolojiden nasıl olumsuz bir şekilde etkilendiğini, Althusserci bir yaklaşımla açıklığa kavuşturur.
The English theater writer Howard Brenton, who mainly carries historical and political facts at the center of his games, is among the play writers feeding from British after World War II history. Brenton aims to reveal the causes of Britain’s failed domestic and foreign policy as well as historical and political problems. The author’s criticism of the British politics is also not an exception to the “Tragic Comedy of a Hero” (Brenton 2016b). The passing of the game in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, carrying traces from the Turkish history and the geographical scene is the Middle East territories where the Ottoman lost in the Great World War are the elements that make the game interesting. Lawrence was first shown in the Hampstead Theatre on April 28, 2016. This date should not be ignored because it is the hundredth anniversary of the Arab rebellion and the Sykes-Picot treaty. The continuation of the conflicts in the Middle East in the new century, the negative effects of the Arab Spring rebels, the developments in Syria, makes the game even more interesting. It should be said that the author claims that in the game Britain should see the mistakes it made in the past in solving the current problems related to terrorism. However, this study deals with Arabia Then Lawrence from another perspective; it examines Lawrence, the hero of the game, with the concept of ideology. In this context, the French philosopher Louis Althusser benefits from his work, especially for Marx (2002), Ideology and the Ideological Instruments of the State (2002) and Philosophical and Political Writings I (2004). The complexity in which the hero of the game is found is studied using Althusser's views on art and theatre in the light of the Brechtyen Theatre concept. The study, while forming Howard Brenton's hero, explains how the ideology is benefited as a theatrical raw material and how Britain has been negatively influenced by this ideology in which Lawrence was born because of its political errors, with Althusserci's approach.
Howard Brenton is a British dramatist who mostly brings historical and political facts to his stage. He is one of the playwrights nurtured by British History after World War II. In his plays, he reveals Britain's unsuccessful domestic and foreign policy are the causes of its historical and political problems. “A tragicomedy of a hero” (Brenton, 2016b), Lawrence After Arabia, in which the playwright criticizes British policy is no exception. The elements which make the play more interesting are that the play takes place in the last period of the Ottoman Empire and has the traces of Turkish history, and its geographical scene is the land in the Middle East that the Ottoman Empire lost in the Great World War. Lawrence After Arabia was first staged at the Hampstead Theater on April 28, 2016. This date should not be disregarded as it is the centenary of the Arab revolt and the Sykes-Picot Treaty. The negative effects of the conflicts in the Middle East, the Arab spring riots and the events in Syria in the new century make the play even more interesting. It must be said that the playwright claims in the play that Britain should realize its former mistakes in order to resolve its current terrorism-related problems. However, this work handles Lawrence After Arabia from another perspective; it examines Lawrence, the protagonist of the play, through the concept of ideology. In this context, it notably benefits from the works of the French philosopher Louis Althusser; For Marx, Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses and Ecrits Philosophiques Et Politiques, Tome 1. The confusion of the protagonist of the play is examined by taking advantage of Althusser's views on art and theatre in the light of Brechtian Theater. This work clarifies how Howard Brenton benefits from ideology as a raw theatrical material while forming his protagonist and how Lawrence is negatively affected by the ideology that he was born into due to the political mistakes of Britain with the help of the Althusserian approach.
Alan : Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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