Abstract:

Energy is crucial for economic, industrial, and social development. The increase in energy consumption is steadily rising. Fossil fuels, which cause greenhouse gas emissions, air, water, and soil pollution, are being replaced by sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Solar energy, which is the basis of renewable energy sources, can be used in both electricity and thermal energy production. In this study, the use of solar energy applications for meeting the electricity and heating needs of a two-person household under Ankara's climate conditions was examined, and an environmental analysis was conducted. The amount of energy that will be obtained by using photovoltaic panels, vacuum tube U-pipe solar collectors, and photovoltaic thermal panels separately and together was calculated. In addition, the effect of using Al2O3+CuO hybrid nanofluid in photovoltaic thermal panels as a working fluid on thermal energy transfer was investigated. As a result of the study, it was calculated that 11 panels with a power of 325 W would be required for meeting the energy demand with only photovoltaic panel use, and 7 panels with 300 W electricity and 600 W thermal power would be required for meeting the energy demand with only photovoltaic thermal panel use. Moreover, it was observed that using Al2O3-CuO hybrid nanofluid in photovoltaic thermal systems instead of pure water increased efficiency by 19.41%. It is recommended that the use of solar energy to meet energy needs will be both an economic solution by using a domestic energy source and an environmental solution by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, addressing the increasing natural gas problem in the world.

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