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İslâm hukukuna göre bir iş için birden fazla vekil tayini mümkündür. Ancak vekillerin birbirlerinden ayrı olarak tasarruf yapmaları hakkında farklı durumlar ve görüşler bulunmaktadır. Bu vekillerin ayrı akitler ile görevlendirilmeleri söz konusu ise vekâlet konusu işi görmekte ayrı hareket edebilirler. Aynı akitler ile tayin edilen vekiller kural olarak birlikte tasarruf etmelidirler. Müvekkil bu vekillere müstakil tasarruf izni verebilir. Hanefîlere göre her iki vekilin görüşüne ihtiyaç duyulmayan durumlarda da vekiller müstakil tasarrufta bulunabilirler. Örneğin bedelsiz boşama, kendisi ve verilecek kişisi muayyen hibenin teslimi, vedîa, gasp edilmiş mal ve fasit satışta mebî‘in geri verilmesi ve müvekkile ait bir borcun ödenmesinde her iki vekilin de ortak görüşü gereklidir. Bu tür tasarrufları vekillerin birlikte ifası ya işin sonucunun etkilenmemesi veya müvekkilin güveninin korunması için gereklidir. Dava vekâleti ise vekillerin hepsinin görüşüne ihtiyaç duyulan konulardan olsa bile duruşmada karışıklığın önüne geçmek için tek vekil tarafından icra edilir. İslâm hukuku kaynaklarında konu ile ilgili genel kurallar yukarıdaki gibi ifade edilmektedir. Ancak aynı akitte birlikte tayin edilen vekillerin ayrı ve birlikte tasarruflarına dair bütün olasılıklara değinilmemektedir. Bu makalede bir tasarrufta birden çok vekil tayini konusu ile ilgili mezheplerin görüşleri ortaya konulmaya ve bu konu ile ilgili İslâm hukukundaki prensipler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
According to the Islamic law, it is possible to appoint more than one deputy for one job. But there are different circumstances and opinions about savings separately from each other. If they do, they will be able to do the same, and they will be able to do the same, and they will be able to do the same. Those who are appointed with the same assets must save together as a rule. The customer can give these assistants a special savings permit. In the case of non-compliance between the two members, the members of the board may also be able to save their money. For example, the free divorce, the delivery of the debt he and the person to be given, the return of the debt in the sale of the debt and the payment of a debt belonging to the client is the need for the common opinion of both agents. Such savings are necessary for the representative’s joint expression either not to be affected by the outcome of the work or to preserve the customer’s confidence. The proceedings are carried out by the only lawyer to prevent confusion in the trial, even if all the lawyers need the opinion of the matters. The general rules on the issue in Islamic law are expressed as above. However, the same act does not refer to all the possibilities of the separate and joint savings of the representatives designated together. In this article, it was tried to explain the opinions of the disciples on the subject of the appointment of several advocates and to identify the principles of Islamic law on this subject.
According to Islamic Law, it is possible to authorize more than one attorney for a job to perform a task. However, there are various situations and opinions about acts of attorneys independent of each other. When those attorneys are appointed with separate contracts, they can act separately to perform the task of the power of attorney subject. Attorneys assigned under the same contract must act together as a rule. The client can grant the attorneys permission to act independently. According to the Ḥanafīs, attorneys can act separately in situations where both attorneys’ views are not needed. Views of both attorneys are needed in cases such as divorce without in exchange for payment, contract of mandate, delivery of a grant of which itself and grantee is specific, usurped goods, return of the sold goods in void contracts and payments of client’s debts. Joint-performance of such incidents is necessary in order not to effect the result or to secure the client. Regarding attorneydom, it is performed by one attorney to avoid confusion on trial even if it is one of the situations in which views of all attorneys are required. General principles related to the subject are stated as per above in Islamic Law sources. Yet, all possibilities about separate or joint performance of power of attorneys appointed together in the same contract are not mentioned. In this article, views of Islamic schools of law will be presented on appointment of more than one attorney for a disposition and related principles within the Islamic Law are tried to be determined.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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