Özet:

Yellow rust disease (caused, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is among the important fungal diseases that cause significant yield and quality losses all over the world during the growing seasons when epidemic conditions occur. This research was carried out in the 2018-2019 production season in order to examine the change in the severity of yellow rust disease in different phenological periods of some bread and durum wheat varieties under artificial epidemic conditions at different disease application doses. In the study, Bayraktar 2000, Demir 2000, Eser and Kenanbey, and Ceşit-1252 bread, Eminbey, Kızıltan 91 and Mirzabey 2000 durum wheat varieties, which are known to have different reactions to yellow rust disease, were used as test materials. Materials were sown manually with 3 replications in the spacing 1 m. between rows 33-35 cm in long rows in October. Freshly collected disease urediospores were homogenized in mineral oil (Soltrol 170®) and inoculated into the material at 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% disease application doses. Disease assessments were made between May (25) and June (06, 15, 23) using the Modified Cobb scale and the infection coefficients were calculated. As a result of the study, when all phenological periods are evaluated together; The bread variety Eser showed a disease resistant reaction, and when compared with the negative control group, Bayraktar 2000, Kenanbey, Demir 2000 varieties showed significant increases in the disease reaction with progressive phenology. Bayraktar 2000 variety was the most affected during the flowering (Feekes 10.5.1) (25 May 2019), grain binding (Feekes 10.5.3) (06 June 2019) and milking (Feekes 10.5.4) (15 June 2019) period from the disease, it was evaluated that this variety was followed by the Demir 2000 cultivar. Significant increases in disease severity were determined with progressive phenology in all of the durum wheat varieties. When compared with the negative control group, it was determined that Eminbey and Mirzabey 2000 varieties were affected more by the disease at the beginning of flowering period, and Kızıltan 91 and Cevsit-1252 varieties were more affected during the yellowing period (Feekes: 11.1). As a result of the evaluations, the increase in disease severity, especially in the grain setting period, was found to be statistically significant for bread and durum varieties. The results obtained will provide benefits for the models used in yield estimation studies for early estimation of possible product losses and for obtaining reference information before harvest.

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