Özet:

The Islamic mystic and heterodox groups of the Alevites and Bektashi in Southeast Europe, which are partially characterised by Shiite elements, are idiosyncratic and divergent phenomena that have so far attracted little academic or public attention. They exist in the strongly Sunni environment that characterises Islam in the Balkans and have exerted a partial religious influence on some of the originally Sufi orders that can be found in the region. After the end of Ottoman rule, the Alevites and Bektashi experienced a particularly serious loss of significance and numeric decline. Since the 1990s, modest religious revival processes occurred amongst these groups. These, however, coincided and interacted with dynamic and ambivalent processes of further religious, cultural and socio-political marginalisation and assimilation (and entailed a corresponding loss of knowledge and significance). This paper sketches the contemporary condition of the remaining Alevites and Bektashi in the Southeast European states whilst occasionally mentioning other Sufi orders which are closely related to these groups. It describes and analyses the extraordinarily diverse and complicated legal, political and social situations, conditions and problems which they face in this region.

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