Özet:

This research deals with the most important challenges that contemporary societies and countries face in their struggle against religious hate speech, by dissecting the harms and dangers of hate speech within the first topic (hate speech: psychological genocide and a waste of dignity), then analyzing the issue of religious hatred through a second topic (religious hatred: religions in a state of emergency) and the distinction between (a- religious affiliation as a personal commitment and b- religious affiliation as a cultural identity), after which we presented the legal perception of hate speech in a third topic: (hate speech and legal deterrence: passive hatred and active hatred), and we also analyzed the human rights framework of the religious hatred discourse by linking it to the issue of freedom of expression within a fourth topic (hate speech and freedom of expression: flimsy justifications and open abuse). In a fifth topic, we diagnosed hate speech at the stage that the Arab world went through during what was known in the media as the Arab Spring. In the sixth topic, we suggested ways to confront hate speech and treat and combat religious hate speech, in particular in what we have called: the manufacture of anti-hate speech.

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