Özet:

Toll-like receptors, the best defined among the different pattern recognition receptors, are found on microglia cells that have a "macrophage-like" function in the central nervous system. Toll-like receptors that recognize damage-related molecular motifs such as amyloid-beta protein and aggregated ?-synuclein, trigger inflammation via switching the microglial phenotype to proinflammatory side and releasing proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12. Since Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling has been shown to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, there are new treatment approaches targeting Toll-like receptors including (i) vaccines, (ii) small molecule inhibitors, (iii) use of existing drugs for a new indication and (iv) use of natural compounds. Although many compounds have shown promising results in preclinical studies, they have not achieved the same success in clinical trials. However, the studies with compounds targeting Toll-like receptors and signaling cascades are continuing to increase.

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