Özet:

Starting from the beginning of the 19th century, Turkey has gone through a total modernization process. In this process, in addition to its social, cultural, and political impacts, Turkish Reform, caused several changes in the field of education. Especially after the 1977-78 Ottoman-Russian War, a new cultural Turkism point of view started becoming popular in place of the traditional Ottoman view. The second Constitutional Period was an important historical point in the modernization of Turkey. Changes occurred in this period showed their influences in the educational curriculum and the textbooks. The Turkish Revolution, starting with the Turkish Independence War and continuing through the Republican period, gave a radical momentum to those modernization movements in education. Changes were based on two the basic principles: nationalism and secularism. These two principles influenced history programs and textbooks. When Turkism in the Second Constitutional Period left its place to Kemalist nationalism, Islam was reinterpreted due to secularism principle of the government. It is important to stress that there was no conflict between the religion of Islam and Republic; on the contrary, there were lot of similarities between them. History textbooks and curriculum in the first years of Turkish Republic had several important characteristics. For example, in one of the textbooks, according to the principle of starting from the most recent and going backwards in history, when it covered the history of Turkey, in order to convey the nationalism point of view, the books included several war scenes. Such dramatic scenes might have had negative influences in children's psychological development. However, it may be argued that such instances may not be so unusual for a nation that recently went through several major wars. After the 1930s, other major changes occurred in the history textbook and curriculum with the influence of Turk History Thesis.

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