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Türkiye’de zeytin veriminin dünya ortalamalarının altında olmasının sebeplerinden biri de gübre uygulamalarının doğru bir şekilde yapılmamasıdır. Zeytin verimini arttırmak, kaliteyi yükseltmek, periyodisiteyi azaltmak, ülke çiftçisi ve ekonomisine katkıda bulunabilmek için toprak ve yaprak analizlerine dayalı olarak doğru bir gübreleme yapılması gerekmektedir. Son yıllarda yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan fertigasyon sisteminden uygulanacak gübrelerin verilme zamanlarının belirlenmesinde meyvedeki besin elementi hareketleri önem kazanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, verim çağındaki ayvalık zeytin çeşidi meyvelerinin farklı gelişme dönemlerindeki N, P, K, Ca, Mg değişimi ve 100 kg ürün ile kalkan N, P2O5, K2O, CaO ve MgO miktarları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsü bahçesinde bulunan 32 yaşındaki Ayvalık zeytin çeşidinde yapılmıştır. Tam çiçeklenmeden sonra (Haziran-Kasım) hasada kadar 6 dönemde alınan meyve örneklerinin bitki besin maddesi içeriklerinin değişimi belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile zeytin meyvenin büyümesi ile birlikte dönemlere göre N ve K’un çok değişken bir durum gösterdiği P, Ca ve Mg içeriklerinin ise daha stabil olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu da zeytin ağacının beslenmesinde ürün ile kaldırılan besin maddeleri içerisinde en çok K’un olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma sonucunda toprak ve yaprak analiz sonuçlarına göre fertigasyon programları hazırlanırken, meyvenin gelişme dönemlerine göre ihtiyacı olan bitki besin elementlerinin uygun dönem ve miktarlarda kullanılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
One of the reasons that the oil production in Turkey is below the world average is that the fertilizer applications are not properly performed. To increase the production of olive oil, improve the quality, reduce the periodicity, and contribute to the country’s farmers and the economy, a proper fertilization on the basis of the soil and leaf analysis is necessary. In recent years, the movement of the nutrient elements in the fruit has gained importance in determining the time of delivery of fertilizers to be applied from the widely used fermentation system. In line with this goal, the amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg variation and 100 kg of product in the different periods of development of the fruit of the vegetable olive variety in the productivity age have been determined by N, P2O5, K2O, CaO and MgO. The study was carried out in the 32-year-old Ayvalık olive variety located in the garden of the Olive Research Institute. After the full flowering (June-November) the variation of the plant nutrient content of the fruit samples taken in 6 periods until the harvest was determined. This study and the growth of the olive fruit have been observed that the contents of P, Ca and Mg, where N and K showed a very variable condition, were more stable. This also indicates that the olive tree is the most nutrient in the food that is removed with the product. As a result of this study, fermentation programmes are prepared according to the results of the soil and leaves analysis, while the plant will contribute to the use of the nutrients needed according to the development periods of the fruit in the appropriate period and quantities.
In Turkey, olive yield is generally lower than the world average which might be due to mis management of fertilization programmes or mis use of fertilizers. In order to increase the yield and quality and overcome the alternate bearing /periodicity, nutrient status of the trees should be examined via soil and leaf analysis for a right fertilization. This is the only way to contribute to the economy of olive sector. Nutrient concentrations and their variations in the olive fruits are important in the timing of fertigation which is an irrigation /fertilization system widely used in the recent years, In this regard, the objective of this study was to examine the variation of essential plant nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg ) in the fruits of Ayvalık olive variety at different growth periods. Moreover, the uptake of these specified nutrients by 100 kg yield was also determined. The current experiment was conducted in a 32 year old Ayvalık cv. olive orchard of Olive Research Institude- Bornova-İzmir- Turkey. In order to follow up the concentrations of the essential plant nutrients in the olive fruits , samples were taken at 6 different periods from full bloom to harvest. Results showed that N and K concentrations of the olive fruits significantly varied with respect to fruit growth. On the other hand, P, Ca and Mg concentrations were relatively stable. Potassium removal i.e K uptake by a 100 kg of fruit was found more than N and P uptakes which highlighted that K is a unique plant nutrient for olive fruits. It was concluded that when preparing a fertigation programme according to soil and leaf analysis, the rate and application time of the fertilizers should be in accordance with the fruit growth and its nutrient requirement at that specific growth stage.
Alan : Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik; Ziraat, Orman ve Su Ürünleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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