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Osmanlı saray sanatkârları ile ilgili başvurulacak kaynakların başında Ehl-i hiref maaş defterleri gelmektedir. Sanatçıların maaşları, unvanları, menşeleri, kuruma giriş şekilleri ve aile bilgileri gibi verilerin kaydedildiği bu defterler, sanatçıların kariyerleri ve ölüm tarihleriyle birlikte hangi sanat dalında kaç kişi çalıştıklarına dair bilgileri de içermektedir. Ehl-i hiref maaş defterlerinden izlenebildiği kadarıyla, kuruma alınan sanatçıların bazılarının çeşitli savaşlar sonucunda ülkeye getirilmiş usta sanatkârlar olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Fatih Sultan Mehmed döneminde (1451-1481) kazanılan Otlukbeli Savaşı’ndan (1473) sonra Akkoyunlu bazı ilim ve sanat erbabı getirilip Osmanlı Devleti’nde görevlendirilmeye başlanmıştır. II. Bayezid döneminde (1481-1512) yine kuruma çok sayıda sanatçı alındığı maaş defterlerine düşülen notlardan anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca Yavuz Sultan Selim’in (1512-1520) Safevî hükümdarı Şah İsmail’i Çaldıran Savaşı’nda (1514) yenilgiye uğratmasından sonra Tebriz’de Şah’ın özel hizmetinde görevli ve saray dışında serbest çalışan ünlü sanatkârları toplatmış olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu sanatçılar sefer dönüşünde kışın geçirildiği Amasya’ya getirtilmiş, İstanbul’a gelindiğinde ise sarayın Ehl-i hiref teşkilatında ilgili sanat sınıflarında görevlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman dönemine (1520-1566) ait günümüze ulaşan en eski Ehl-i hiref maaş defterlerinde kayıtlı Tebrizli sanatkârların isimleri, maaşları, sanat sınıfları, Osmanlı hizmetine giriş tarihleri ve hizmet süreleri incelenmektedir.
For the first time in the history of the Roman Palace, the earnings of the Ehl-i hiref are listed. These books contain data such as artists’ wages, titles, sources, entrance forms and family information, including information about how many artists work in which fields, along with their career and death dates. As far as it can be seen from the Ehl-i hiref salary records, it is clear that some of the artists taken into the institution are master artists brought to the country as a result of various wars. After the Ottlukbeli War (1473) won during the Fatih Sultan Mehmed period (1451-1481) some of the sciences and art herbs of Akkoyunlu were brought and began to be assigned to the Ottoman State. and II. During the Bayezid period (1481-1512), it is clear that a number of artists were recruited to the institution in their salary records. It is also known that after Yavuz Sultan Selim (1512-1520) was defeated in the Battle of the Thief of the Safevî ruler Shah Ismail (1514) in Tebriz, he gathered famous artists who served in the special service of Shah and worked freely outside the palace. These artists were brought to Amasya where they spent the winter on their return, and when they arrived in Istanbul, they were assigned to the relevant art classes in the palace’s Ehl-i hiref organization. In this study, the names, wages, art classes, dates of entrance to the Ottoman service and the period of service of the Tebrizli artists registered in the oldest Ehl-i hiref salary books that reached the present day of the Legislative Sultan Süleyman period (1520-1566) are examined.
The Ehl-i Hiref salary books are the main sources to be consulted on Ottoman palace artists. These notebooks, containing data such as the artists’ salaries, titles, origins, ways of joining the palace and family information, include data about the artists’ careers and death dates, as well as how many people they worked with in any art branch. According to these salary books of the Ehl-i hiref, it is understood that some of the artists who were taken into the institution were master craftsmen brought to the country as a result of various wars. In the aftermath of the Battle of Otlukbeli (1473), which was won during the reign of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (1451-1481), some scholars and artists from Akkoyun were brought and started to be employed in the Ottoman Empire. At the reign of Sultan Bayezid II (1481-1512), it is understood from the notes obtained from the salary books that many artists were taken under Sultan’s service. It is also known that following the triumph of Sultan Selim (1512- 1520) against Shah Ismail, the Safavid ruler, in the Battle of Chaldiran (1514), the Sultan employed famous artisans from Tabriz who previously worked either in the private service of the Shah or as freelancers. These artists were brought to Amasya, where they spent the winter on the return of the campaign, and as soon as they came to Istanbul, they were assigned to the relevant art classes in the Ehl-i hiref organization of the palace. In this study, the names, salaries, art classes, dates of entry into Ottoman service and service periods of Tabriz artists registered in the earliest Ehl-i hiref salary books from the period of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) are examined.
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