Özet:

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a complex hematological malignancy with considerable genetic heterogeneity. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are associated with poor prognosis and occur in nearly 30% of AML cases. This study delves into the prevalence of FLT3 mutations, their impact on clinical outcomes, and the efficacy of various treatment approaches in a cohort of AML patients. We examined 157 de novo non-acute promyelocytic leukemia AML patients aged 20-95 years, screening for FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD mutations. We tailored chemotherapy based on age, ECOG performance status, and FLT3 mutation presence. Our research revealed that 27.3% of patients harbored FLT3 mutations, with 65% FLT3-ITD and 35% FLT3-TKD mutations. Those with FLT3 mutations exhibited higher mortality rates compared to patients without mutations. Age, FLT3 mutation status, and relapsed/refractory disease emerged as independent risk factors for mortality. Patients treated with midostaurin faced a lower mortality risk than those administered sorafenib. This study underscores the significance of FLT3 mutations in AML, their influence on clinical outcomes, and the advantages of targeted therapies. Our findings stress the urgency for further investigation aimed at enhancing the prognosis for AML patients with FLT3 mutations.

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