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Öz: Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın, yaptığı tahribatların sonucu başlayan gösteriler, Rusya’da devrimlerle sonuçlandı. Devrimler süreci, Çarlık yönetimini olduğu gibi, toplumsal düzeni de çökertti. Şubat Devrimi, Güney Kafkasya’da önemli gelişmelere yol açtı. Bölge milletvekillerinden seçilmiş, kısaca OZAKOM olarak anılan, 5 kişilik bir komite, Güney Kafkasya’ya vali olarak görevlendirildi. Ekim Devrimi’nde Bolşevikler, Petersburg’da yönetime el koyduktan sonra, tüm Rusya’nın yönetimi için SOVNARKOM’u kurdu. Güney Kafkasya, bu yönetimi kabul etmedi. Petersburg’dan gönderilen OZAKOM istifa etti. Yerine, Tiflis’te seçilen komiserlerden, ZAKAVKOM denilen yeni bir icra komitesi kuruldu. Kurucu Meclis için yapılan seçimler sonucu, Petersburg’da toplanacak kurucu meclisin sorunları çözeceğine inanılıyordu. Bu meclis, ilk toplantı gününde, Bolşevikler tarafından kapatıldı. Kafkasya’dan seçilen milletvekilleri Tiflis’e döndü. Burada Seim denilen bir yeni meclis açtılar. SEIM, ZAKAVKOM için yasama organı idi. Kafkasya’da bu gelişmeler olurken, Almanya; yönetime el koyan Bolşeviklerin, barış çağrısını kabul etti. Brest-Litovsk’taki görüşmelerde ateşkes kararı alındı.Kafkas Cephesi’nde, ordu komutanları arasındaki görüşmeler sonucu, Erzincan’da ateşkes anlaşması imzaladı. Sonraki günlerde Rus ordusu dağıldı. Yerini milli esasa göre kurulmuş, Gürcü ve Ermeni birliklerine bıraktı. Ermeniler, Rus ordusunun işgal ettiği Doğu Anadolu’yu, kendilerine ait kabul ettikleri için, bu topraklarda yaşayan Türkleri, katliamlarla korkutup, kovmaya başladı. Gelişmeler üzerine Türk Ordusu Kafkasya’ya müdahale etti. Güney Kafkasya’daki etnik topluluklar, Ekim devrimi sonrasında birbiri ile çatışmaya hazır güçler haline dönüştü. Etnik gruplar içinde, askeri bakımdan en zayıf ve katliama uğrayıp en çok ölü veren taraf, Kafkasya Müslümanları idi. Onlar, gelişen olaylar ve petrol nedeni ile topraklarından sürülmek istendiler. Güvenebilecekleri tek güç, Osmanlı Devleti idi. Hem Müslüman, hem de önemli oranda Türk/Azeri nüfus bulunan İran, savaş başlamadan önce, Rusya ve İngiltere arasında taksim edilip etkisizleştirilmişti. Azerbaycan’ın kurulması, Osmanlı devletinin desteği ile mümkündü. Diğer iki büyük topluluk olan Gürcü ve Ermeniler, Rusya, kurtuluşlarını, büyük güçlerin politikalarını desteklemekte gördüler. Sonuca bakarak söylersek, bu politikalarının bedelini de ödediler.
The demonstrations, which began as a result of the destruction of the First World War, ended with revolutions in Russia. The process of revolution, like the Tsarish rule, also collapsed the social order. The February Revolution led to significant developments in the South Caucasus. A five-person committee, named OZAKOM, which was elected from the regional parliaments, was appointed as the governor of South Caucasus. In the October Revolution, after the Bolsheviks withdrew the government in St. Petersburg, they established the SOVNARKOM for the rule of all Russia. Southern Caucasus did not accept this government. OZAKOM, sent from Petersburg, resigned. Instead, a new executive committee named ZAKAVKOM was formed from the commissioners elected in Tbilisi. As a result of the constituent parliament elections, it was believed that the constituent parliament to meet in St. Petersburg will solve the problems. This parliament, on the first day of the meeting, was closed by the Bolsheviks. Parliamentarians from the Caucasus have returned to Tbilisi. They opened a new parliament called Seim. Seim was a legislative body for ZAKAVKOM. While these developments occurred in the Caucasus, Germany accepted the call for peace by the Bolsheviks who dropped the government. On the Kafkas Front, as a result of the talks between the army commanders, a ceasefire agreement was signed in Erzincan. In the next few days the Russian army was dispersed. Their place was established according to the national principle, left to the Georgian and Armenian troops. Because the Armenians accepted the Eastern Anadolu, which the Russian army occupied, their own, the Turks who lived in these territories began to be scared and expelled by massacres. The Turkish army intervened in the Caucasus. The ethnic communities in the south of the Caucasus became forces ready to conflict with each other after the October Revolution. Among the ethnic groups, the weakest and most killed in military matters were the Caucasus Muslims. They wanted to be driven from their land with developing events and the cause of oil. The only power they could trust was the Ottoman state. Iran, both Muslim and significantly Turkish/Azerbaijan population, was taxed and dismantled between Russia and Britain before the war began. The establishment of Azerbaijan was possible with the support of the Ottoman state. The other two major communities, the Georgians and the Armenians, saw Russia supporting their liberation, the policies of the great powers. If we look at the outcome, they have paid the price of their policies.
Abstract: The demonstrations that started as a result of the destructions of the First World War resulted in revolutions in Russia. The process of revolutions broke the social order, as well as the tsarist rule. The February Revolution led to important developments in the South Caucasus. A 5-person committee elected from the deputies of the region, briefly referred to as OZAKOM, was appointed as the governor of the South Caucasus. In the October Revolution, after the Bolsheviks took over the administration in Petersburg, they established SOVNARKOM for governance of all Russia. The South Caucasus did not accept this administration. OZAKOM sent from St. Petersburg resigned. Instead, a new executive committee called ZAKAVKOM was established with the commissioners elected in Tbilisi. As a result of the elections held for the Constituent Assembly, it was believed that the constituent assembly to meet in Petersburg would solve the problems. This assembly on its first meeting was closed by the Bolsheviks. Deputies elected from the Caucasus returned to Tbilisi. There, they opened a new assembly called SEIM. SEIM was the legislative body for ZAKAVKOM. During these developments in the Caucasus, Germany complied with the call for peace by the Bolsheviks who seized power. By the negotiations at Brest-Litovsk, a ceasefire decision was taken. As a result of the negotiations between the army commanders on the Caucasian Front, a ceasefire agreement is signed in Erzincan. In the following days, the Russian army disbanded. It was replaced by Georgian and Armenian troops established on national basis. The Armenians began to frighten the Turks living in these lands with massacres, and expelled them; since they accepted Eastern Anatolia, which had been occupied by the Russian army, as their own. Upon the developments, the Turkish Army intervened in the Caucasus. Ethnic communities in the South Caucasus turned into forces ready to fight each other after the October Revolution. Among the ethnic groups, the Muslims were the weakest in terms of military power. The Caucasus Muslims were massacred and killed most. They were asked to be expelled from their lands due to developing events and oil. The only power they could rely on was the Ottoman State. Iran, which both has a Muslim and a significant Turkish / Azeri population, was neutralized and divided between Russia and Britain before the war had started. The establishment of Azerbaijan was possible with the support of the Ottoman State. The two other great communities, the Georgians and Armenians, invested in supporting the policies of main powers. As looking at the consequences, they also paid the price for those policies.
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