Abstract:

According to Fuat Sezgin, no civilization arises by itself. It is not possible to develop and develop a civilization that is closed to external influences. The Islamic civilization has spread into a geography that has broken down to many different civilizations. These are ancient Indian, Ancient Greek and Sasani civilizations. Muslims, in the same way, possessed the intellectual heritage of these ancient civilizations. Thus, they have translated many classical works from Greek, Indian and Persian to Arabic. At the end of these translations, the period of enlightenment in the Islamic world began. A positive environment for science and philosophy was prepared. It can be said that the most valuable books of original Islamic science and philosophy were written in this period. The struggle between Islam and the West, which emerged during its crossroads, has reached another level after the conquest of Spain and Sicily by the Muslims. This is exactly in this period we see that schools in Europe are established for the translation of the most basic books written by Muslims in the field of science and philosophy, including mathematics, medicine, geography, astronomy, chemistry, logic and philosophy. With the financial support of these translation schools, including Salerno and Toledo, the books collected from the Islamic world have been translated into almost all Western languages.

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