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Fransız yazar Jules Verne (1828-1905)’in edebi üretimi, yaşadığı dönemin toplumsal özelliklerini yansıttığı için edebiyat sosyolojisi alanında önemli bir araştırma nesnesi olarak yer almaktadır. Edebi metnin dış dünya ile olan ilişkisine odaklanan edebiyat sosyolojisi edebiyatı toplumsal bir kurum, bir olgu olarak kabul eder. Verne’i ünlü bir yazar yapan, Avrupalı (özellikle Fransız) çocukların ve ebeveynlerinin bilinmeyen yerler ve doğa hakkında bilgi edinebilmesini sağlamak amacı ile kaleme alınan ve bu nedenle çocuk edebiyatı kapsamına giren Olağanüstü Yolculuklar serisi 19. yüzyıl Avrupası’nın toplumsal yapısı hakkında önemli bilgiler aktarmakta, döneme şahitlik etmektedir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu serinin sosyolojik yorumu, hem onun yazıldığı dönemin iktisadi, siyasal, kültürel vb. toplumsal kurumlarını hem de toplumsal olanın edebiyata olan etkisini anlamayı sağlar. Bu çalışmada Verne’in Olağanüstü Yolculuklar serisinden yola çıkılarak edebiyatın, üretildiği dönemin siyasal söylemine/ideolojisine/temsil üretimine nasıl eklemlendiği ve onu yeniden ürettiği sorunsallaştırılacaktır. Başka bir ifadeyle edebiyatın egemen ideolojinin yeniden üreticisi olarak siyasal söylem alanı yaratabildiği iddia edilecektir. Çalışmada Olağanüstü Yolculuklar serisi üzerine yapılmış yabancı literatürdeki akademik araştırmalardan yola çıkılarak Verne’in metinlerinde kullandığı ideolojik temsiller ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Olağanüstü Yolculuklar serisinin 19. yüzyılın bilimsel, sömürgeci ve şarkiyatçı söylemini yeniden ürettiği ve Avrupalı erkeği özne olarak kurarken, bilinmeyen coğrafyaları (Avrupalı olmayan toplumları) medenileştirilmesi gereken ötekiler olarak inşa ettiği tespit edilmiştir.
The literary production of the French writer Jules Verne (1828-1905) is a major subject of research in the field of literary sociology because it reflects the social characteristics of the time he lived. Literary sociology, which focuses on the relationship of the literary text with the outside world, accepts literature as a social institution, as a fact. The series of Extraordinary Journeys, which makes Verne a famous writer, is designed to enable European children and their parents to learn about the unknown places and nature and thus falls into the children's literature, and is a witness to the time of the 19th century Europe's important information about the social structure. In this context, the sociological interpretation of the series concerned, both the economic, political, cultural, etc. of the period in which it was written. It enables them to understand their social institutions and the influence of the social on literature. In this study, starting from Verne’s Series of Extraordinary Journeys, we will question how literature was added to the political speech/ideology/representative production of the time in which it was produced and re-produced. In other words, it will be claimed that literature could create a political speech space as a re-producer of the dominant ideology. The study, based on the academic research in foreign literature on the series of Extraordinary Journeys, has been attempted to reveal the ideological representations Verne used in his texts. As a result, the 19th series of Extraordinary Travels. It has been found that the century has re-produced the scientific, colonial and charity speech and has built the unknown geographics (non-European societies) as other ones that need to be civilized while establishing the European man as the essence.
The literary production of Jules Verne (1828-1905/ the French author) is an important research object in the field of sociology of literature because it reflects the social characteristics of the period in which he lived. Sociology of literature, which focuses on the relationship of the literary text with the external world, accepts literature as a social institution and a social phenomenon. The Extraordinary Journeys series, which made Verne a famous author, was written to enable European (especially French) children and their parents to learn about unknown places and nature. The Series convey important information about the social structure of 19th-century Europe and are witnessing the period. In this context, the sociological interpretation of the Series makes it possible to understand both the economic, political, cultural institutions and the influence of the social on literature. In this study, starting from Verne’s Extraordinary Journeys series, it will be problematized how literature was articulated to the production and reproduction of the political discourse/ideology/representations of the period in which it was produced. In other words, it will be claimed that literature can create a political discourse space by reproducing the dominant ideology. In this study, the ideological representations used by Verne in his Extraordinary Journeys series were tried to be revealed by looking at the academic studies in foreign literature on the Series. It is concluded that the Extraordinary Journeys series reproduce the scientific, colonial, and orientalist discourse of the 19th-century and construct the unknown geographies (non-European societies) as others that need to be civilized while establishing the European man as a subject.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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