Abstract:

Promising therapy is requisite for the treatment of colon cancer to overcome the current treatment regimen and limitations associated with its adverse effects. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs administered in the treatment constitute low solubility of anticancer drugs and lack of specificity, leading to serious side effects due to the nonspecific uptake of drugs by normal healthy cells. Additionally, surgery and radiotherapy involved in the treatment have not shown remarkable progress due to their cost effect and laborious process. Nanocarriers are being designed to overcome the limitations of drugs administered by the conventional route. They do not degrade in the gastrointestinal tract before reaching the colonic site and enhance their Enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. This review emphasizes various nanoparticles and their surface-modified ligands help in the pathogenesis of colon cancer, how nanoparticles-mediated drug delivery system differentiate from conventional treatment and their various advantages in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of colon cancer. By utilizing various nano-formulation using various strategies employed in nanoparticles mediated drug delivery systems and enlists the mechanistic outcomes of nano-formulated drugs, targeting of the drug through active and passive mechanisms and their preclinical and in vivo experimental works and overcoming conventional treatments. We have made a wide review of various nanoparticle designs and aim to reveal possible mechanisms by targeting specific ligands such that cellular uptake, improved bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics could be enhanced. This information will be helpful in the expansion of these nanocarriers and aid in drug delivery treatment of colon cancer.

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