Özet:

In today's society, patients who turn to the orthodontist want final results in the shortest possible time, with maximum emphasis on smile aesthetics, dental alignment and facial harmony. In this regard, some procedures have emerged to accelerate the movement of teeth through the alveolar bone, thus shortening the duration of active treatment: corticotomy, application of mini-implants etc. Of these methods, bone anchorage on mini- implants is increasingly popular among adult patients, as it is a versatile technique that ensures a stable, bony anchorage and more predictable final results. Mini-implants have recently been widely used as anchoring aids in orthodontics. Their clinical effectiveness lies in their ability to maintain contact with the bone, thus resisting reactive orthodontic forces. Mini-implants are made of stainless steel, commercially pure titanium, or titanium alloy with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm and a length of 8 to 20 mm. They usually do not induce osseointegration due to their small size, short-term presence in the oral cavity and the fact that they do not protrude beyond the cortex. Compared to implantology in prosthodontics, which has a long history, mini- orthodontic implants emerged later in medical practice. In 1998, Shapiro and Kokich described for the first time the possibility of using dental implants for anchorage in orthodontic therapy. In 1997, Kanomi showed that a 1.2 mm diameter titanium mini- implant provides anchorage for the intrusion of the lower front teeth. After 4 months, the mandibular incisors were intruded by 6 mm without root resorption. In 1998, Birte Melsen et al. introduced the use of zygomatic ligatures as anchorage in patients with partial edentulousness. To this they attached nickel-titanium springs for intrusion and retraction of maxillary incisors. Over the past two decades, much research has been done to achieve skeletal anchorage using a variety of titanium mini-implants (micro-screws), palatal implants and plates or mini- plates with screws, which did not require osseointegration. Literature shows showed that microimplants with thread diameter less than 1.5 mm do not resist torsion. They maintain their stability after insertion by mechanical anchorage in the bone. The anchorage capacity depends on the surface of the microimplant, its length and diameter. The diameter determines the optimal retention in the bone. The mini- implants used in our study fall within the sizes recommended by most studies.

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