Abstract:

Mustafa Kemal Pasha, as a result of the developments after Mudros Armistice, left Istanbul as the Ninth Army Inspector on May 16, 1919 and set foot on Samsun on 19 May 1919 three days later. In Havza, where he went after Samsun, he demanded the public hold rallies and protest the condition and occupation of the homeland. Then congresses were held and the societies were united under the name of "the Anatolian and Rumelian Defense of Rights Committee". Amasya Meetings were held on 20-22 October 1919 and the opening of the Ottoman Parliament was decided. The Ottoman Parliament convened in Istanbul on January 12, 1920 and accepted Misâk-ı Millî (National Oath) declarations on 28 January 1920, which were of great importance. This unexpected situation created a great surprise on the Allied powers side, and on March 16,1920 Istanbul was officially occupied by the Allied powers. The invasion of Istanbul and subsequent developments accelerated the opening process of the Turkish Grand National Assembly and the Turkish Grand National Assembly was opened in Ankara on April 23, 1920. The opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly is a milestone in the Turkish National Struggle under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. In the subsequent period, the Turkish Grand National Assembly became the sole representative of our nation in taking decisions about the the Turkish National Struggle. Additionally, with the opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, the foundation of a new state based on national sovereignty was laid. In this study, the developments experienced beginning from Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's setting foot on Samsun on May 19, 1919, up to the establishment of the Turkish Grand National Assembly were included, and the opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly and the first efforts until the establishment of the government were aimed to be explained.

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