Özet:

Drought stress is the most important factor limiting wheat yield in the Altai Territory, Russia. Several selection criteria have been proposed to select genotypes based on their performance in stressful and non-stressful environments. We tested seventy-five genotypes of spring bread wheat in a randomized complete block design with three replications for three years (2010-2012). The trials were conducted in the Altai Research Institute of Agriculture, Russia. Six drought resistance indices, including Sensitivity drought index (SDI), Mean productivity (MP), Tolerance index (Tol), Stress susceptibility index (SSI), Geometric mean productivity (GMP) and Stress tolerance index (STI) were calculated for each genotype based on grain yields under non-stress and three stress conditions. Stress intensity indices (SI) in the first, second, and third environments were low (SI=0.39), moderate (SI=0.56), and high (SI=0.80), respectively. We found that different indices give a similar characteristic of the most drought-resistant and drought-susceptible genotypes. SSI fully corresponds to the SDI value, and STI corresponds to the GMP value (r=1.00). Tolerance is closely related to SDI (r=0.83-0.86). SDI and SSI are offered as useful indices for wheat breeding where stress is severe, while STI, MP and GMP are suggested if stress is less severe. Genotypes with high yield potential can be identified under moderate drought, but not under severe drought stress. Keywords: Wheat; drought; resistance indices; grain yield References: Abdoli, M., & Saeidi, M. (2012). Using different indices for selection of resistant wheat cultivars to post anthesis water deficit in the west of Iran. Annals of Biological Research, 3(3), 1322-1333. Abdolshahi, R., Safarian, A., Nazari, M., Pourseyedi, S., & Mohamadi-Nejad, G. (2013). Screening drought-tolerant genotypes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using different multivariate methods. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 59(5), 685-704. Akçura, M., Partigoç, F., & Kaya, Y. (2011). Evaluating of drought stress tolerance based on selection indices in turkish bread wheat landraces. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 21(4), 700-709. Aliakbari, M., Saed-Moucheshi, A., Hasheminasab, H., Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Asad, M. T., & Emam, Y. (2013). Suitable stress indices for screening resistant wheat genotypes under water deficit conditions. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4(10), 2665-2672. Bayoumi, T. Y., Eid, M. H., & Metwali, E. M. (2008). Application of physiological and biochemical indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in wheat genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(14), 2341-2352. Blum, A. (1988). Plant Breeding for Stress Environments. Florida: CRC Press, 212. Blum, A. (1996). Yield potential and drought resistance: are they mutually exclusive? In: Reynolds M.P., Rajaram S., Mc Nab A. (Eds.), Increasing Yield Potential in Wheat: Breaking the Barriers. Proceedings of a Workshop Held in Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. Dadbakhsh, A., Yazdansepas, A., & Ahmadizadeh, M. (2011). Study drought stress on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes by drought tolerance indices. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(7), 1804-1810. Ehdaie, B., & Shakiba, M. R. (1996). Relationship of internode-specific weight and water-soluble carbohydrates in wheat. Cereal Research Communication, 24, 61-67. Ehdaie, B., Alloush, G. A., & Waines, J. G. (2008). Genotypic variation in linear rate of grain growth and contribution of stem reserves to grain yield in wheat. Field Crops Research, 106, 34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.10.012 Ehdaie, B., Layne, A. P., & Waines, J. G. (2012). Root system plasticity to drought influences grain yield in bread wheat. Euphytica, 186, 219-232. doi: 10.1007/s10681-011-0585-9 Farshadfar, E., & Javadinia, J. (2011a). Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for drought tolerance. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 27(4), 517-537 (in Persian). Farshadfar, E., & Sutka, J. (2003). Multivariate analysis of drought tolerance in wheat substitution lines. Cereal Research Communications, 31(1/2), 33-40. Farshadfar, E., Poursiahbidi, M. M., & Abooghadareh, A. R. P. (2012). Repeatability of drought tolerance indices in bread wheat genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4(13), 891-903. Farshadfar, E., Rasoli, V., Teixeira da Silva, J. A., & Farshadfar M. (2011b). Inheritance of drought tolerance indicators in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a diallel technique. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(7), 870-878. Farshadfar, E., Sheibanirad, A., & Soltanian, M. (2014). Screening landraces of bread wheat genotypes for drought tolerance in the field and laboratory. International Journal of Farming & Allied Sciences, 3(3), 304-311. Fernandez, G. C. J. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Kuo, C. G. (Ed.), Adaptation of Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress Tolerance. Proc. of an Internat. Symp. Taiwan: Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center. Fischer, R. A., & Maurer R. (1978). Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29, 897-917. Geravandia, M., Farshadfar, E., & Kahrizia, D. (2011). Evaluation of some physiological traits as indicators of drought tolerance in bread wheat genotypes. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 58 (1), 69-75. Golabadi, M., Arzani A., & Maibody Mirmohammadi, M. S. A. (2006). Assessment of drought tolerance in segregating populations in durum wheat. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(5), 162-171. Kogan, F. N. (1997). Global drought watch from space. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78, 621-636. Kumakov, V. A. (1985). Fiziologicheskoe obosnovanie modelej sortov pshenicy. M.: Agropromizdat. (In Russian) Litvinenko, N. A., & Leshin, V. N. (1993). Biologicheskie aspekty selekcii ozimoj myagkoj pshenicy na zasuhoustojchivost' v usloviyah stepnoj zony. Sel'skohozyajstvennaya biologiya, 5, 63-70. (In Russian) Mohammadi, M., Karimizadeh, R., & Abdipour, M. (2011). Evaluation of drought tolerance in bread wheat genotypes under dryland and supplemental irrigation condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(4), 487-493. Mohammadi, R. (2016). Efficiency of yield-based drought tolerance indices to identify tolerant genotypes in durum wheat. Euphytica, 211, 71. doi:10.1007/s10681-016-1727-x Mollasadeghi, V., Valizadeh, M., Shahryari, R., & Imani, A. A. (2001). Evaluation of drought tolerance of bread wheat genotypes using stress tolerance indices at presence of potassium humate. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 10(2), 151-156. Najaphy, A., & Geravandi, M. (2011). Assessment of indices to identify wheat genotypes adapted to irrigated and rain-fed environments. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(10), 3212-3218. Passioura, J. (2007). The drought environment: physical, biological and agricultural perspectives. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(2), 113-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl212 Ramirez-Vallejo, P., & Kelly, J. D. (1998). Traits related to drought resistance in common bean. Euphytica, 99, 2, 127-136. doi:10.1023/A:1018353200015 Rosielle, A. A., & Hamblin, J. (1981). Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environments. Crop Science, 21, 943-946. Saba, J., Moghaddam, M., Ghassemi K., & Nishabouri M. R. (2001). Genetic properties of drought resistance indices. Journal of Agricultural Science Technology, 3, 43-49. Sareen, S., Tyagi, B. S., Sarial, A. K., Tiwari, V., & Sharma, I. (2014). Trait analysis, diversity, and genotype × environment interaction in some wheat landraces evaluated under drought and heat stress conditions. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 74, 2, 135-142. Sio-Se Mardeh, A., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K., & Mohammadi, V. (2006). Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Research, 98, 222-229. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2006.02.001 Yasir, T. A., Chen, X., Tian, L., Condon, A. G., & Hu, Y.-G. (2013). Screening of Chinese bread wheat genotypes under two water regimes by various drought tolerance indices. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(13), 2005-2013. Zebarjadi, A., Mirany, T., Kahrizi D., Ghobadi, M., & Nikoseresht, R. (2012). Assessment of drought tolerance in some bread wheat genotypes using drought resistance indices. Biharean Biologist, 6(2), 94-98. Ziborov, A. I. (2013). Ocenka ehkologicheskoj plastichnosti sovremennyh sortov i perspektivnyh linij yarovoj tverdoj pshenicy v usloviyah Priobskoj lesostepi Altajskogo kraya: dis. kand. sel'skohozyajstvennyh nauk, Tyumen': Gosudarstvennyj agrarnyj universitet Severnogo Zaural'ya. (In Russian)

Anahtar Kelimeler: