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Dünya nüfusunun 7.5 milyarı geçerek günbegün artmasından dolayı, hem insan hem hayvan beslenmesinde kullanılan bitkisel ürünlerin üretimi daha çok önem kazanmaktadır. Bitkisel üretimin temelini de tohumluk oluşturmaktadır. Tarımsal üretimde yüksek nitelikte tohumluk kullanımı ile %20 ile %100’ü aşan oranlarda verim artışı sağlanabilmektedir. Ülkemiz tohumculuğu açısından, bazıları yapısal olan çeşitli sorunlar mevcut olmakla birlikte bunlar çözülebilecek sorunlardır. Tarımsal girdi fiyatlarının yüksekliği, destekleme uygulamalarındaki eksiklikler, tohumculuk alanındaki teknoloji kullanımının istenilen düzeyde olmaması, denetim eksikliği ve paydaşlar arası işbirliğinin yetersizliği bunların başında gelmektedir. Tüm bunlara rağmen Türkiye tohum sektörü gün geçtikçe gelişmekte ve paralelinde de sertifikalı tohumluk üretim miktarımız yıldan yıla artmaktadır. 2019 yılı başı itibarı ile yetkili özel tohumcu kuruluş sayısı 600’ün üzerindedir. 2007 yılı toplam sertifikalı tohum üretimimiz 325 bin ton ve ihracat değerimiz 50 milyon dolar iken 2017 yılında bu rakamlar 1 milyon tonun ve 136 milyon doların üzerinde gerçekleşmiştir. Orta vadede, tohum üretiminin 1.5-2 milyon ton ve ihracat değerinin de 500 milyon dolara ulaşması hedeflenmektedir. Sertifikalı tohum üretimi ve tüketiminin artırılması için özellikle, üretimde kullanılan girdiler için üreticilere yapılan desteklemeler artırılmalı, ürün alım fiyatları için kalite kriterleri belirlenmeli ve tohumculuk alanındaki yayım ve işbirliği faaliyetleri artırılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde ve dünyada tohumculuğun durumu, sertifikalı tohum üretiminde görülen bazı sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır.
As the world’s population increases daily by more than 7.5 billion, the production of plant products used in both human and animal nutrition becomes more important. The basis of plant production is the seed. With high-quality seed use in agricultural production, productivity can be increased by more than 20% to 100%. From the point of view of the seed in our country, some of the structural problems exist, but these are problems that can be solved. These are the high prices of agricultural entrance, the lack of support practices, the lack of technology use in the seed industry at the desired level, the lack of control and the lack of cooperation between stakeholders. Despite all this, the Turkish seed industry is developing day by day, and in parallel, our certified seed production is increasing from year to year. By the beginning of 2019, the number of authorized private seed organizations is over 600. In 2007, our total certified seed production was 325 thousand tons and our export value was $50 million, while in 2017, these figures occurred over 1 million tons and $136 million. In the medium term, the seed production is aimed to reach 1.5-2 million tons and the export value is 500 million dollars. In order to increase the production and consumption of certified seeds, it is necessary to increase the support for producers, in particular for the income used in production, to establish quality criteria for product purchase prices and to increase the publication and cooperation activities in the field of seed production. In this study, the state of the seed in our country and in the world, some problems seen in certified seed production and solutions proposals have been tried to be addressed.
Since the world population increases day by day, by exceeding 7.5 billion, the production of plant products used in both human and livestock nutrition has more importance. Seed constitutes the basis of the plant production also. The yield increase can be provided with the use of high qualification seed in agricultural production by 20% to more than 100%. In terms of the seed industry of our country, there are various problems which can be solved, and some of them are structural. The high level of agricultural input prices, lack of in subvention practices, lack of use of technology in the seed industry, lack of supervision and lack of cooperation between stakeholders are the main problems. In spite of all these problems, Turkish seed sector is developing day by day and in parallel with that our certified seed production is increasing year by year. As of the beginning of 2019, the number of private maintainers is over 600. While our total certified seed production in 2007 was 325 thousand tonnes and our export value was 50 million dollars, in 2017 these numbers were over 1 million tonnes and over 136 million dollars. In the medium term, it is targeted that the seed production will reach 1.5-2 million tonnes and the export value will reach 500 million dollars. In order to increase certified seed production and consumption, in particular, the following should be done: The supports to producers should be increased for the inputs used in the production, quality criteria should be determined for purchase prices, and extension services and cooperation activities in the seed sector should be increased. The situation of the seed industry in the country and the world and some problems which are seen in certified seed production and the solution suggestions are tried to be handled, in this study.
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